Crop management based on multi-split topdressing enhances grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in irrigated rice in China

Chen, Yutiao; Peng, Jing; Wang, Jing; Fu, Penghao; Yu, Haiying; Zhang, Congde; Fahad, Shah; Peng, Shaobing; Cui, Kehui; Nie, Lei; Huang, Jikun

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2015.09.006

Cited by 96 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This meant that the grain yield was directly determined by spikelets per unit area, which is consistent with a previous study [35]. An increased yield sink capacity is a premise to realizing higher yield [7,36], and the differential grain yield responses to the N rate and planting density can be explained primarily by the number of panicles per unit area and spikelets per panicle [7,[36][37][38]. In this study, the N rate and planting density had greater effects on panicles than spikelets per panicle ( Table 2); N improved the panicles mainly by promoting tillering, while planting density improved panicles mainly by increasing the number of basic seedlings, and the spikelets per panicle were restricted by the number of panicles [24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…From another perspective, grain yield is the product of the total aboveground biomass and harvest index [39]. Numerous studies have demonstrated that a grain yield increase could be achieved through either a harvest index improvement or aboveground biomass enhancement or both [38,40,41]. The importance of biomass production and the harvest index in determining grain yield has been a controversial issue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Nitrogen Rate and Planting Density for Improving the Grain Yield of Different Rice Genotypes in Northeast China

et al. 2019

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Nitrogen fertilization and planting density are two key factors that can interactively affect the grain yield of rice. Three different types of rice cultivars-inbred Shendao 47, inbred Shendao 505, and hybrid Jingyou 586-were applied to investigate the effects of the nitrogen (N) rate and planting density (D) on the aboveground biomass, harvest index, leaf photosynthetic features, grain yield, and yield components using a split-split-plot design at two sites over two continuous years. The main plots were assigned to four nitrogen fertilizer rates: 0 (N0), 140 (N1), 180 (N2), and 220 (N3) kg ha −1 N; the subplots were assigned to three planting densities: 25 × 10 4 (D1), 16.7 × 10 4 (D2), and 12.5 × 10 4 (D3) hills ha -1 , and the sub-subplots were assigned to three rice cultivars. The results showed that the grain yield had a significantly positive correlation with the stomatal conductance (Gs), net photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), chlorophyll content (SPAD value), leaf area index (LAI), panicles per unit area, and spikelets per panicle. The N rate and planting density had significant interaction effects on grain yield, and the maximum values of Shendao 47, Shendao 505, and Jingyou 586 appeared in N3D2, N2D1, and N3D3, respectively. The higher grain yield of midsized panicle Shendao 47 was mostly ascribed to both panicles per unit area and spikelets per panicle. More panicles per unit area and spikelets per panicle primarily contributed to a larger sink capacity of small-sized panicle rice Shendao 505 and large-sized panicle rice Jingyou 586. We found that the treatments N3D2, N2D1, and N3D3 could optimize the contradiction between yield formation factors for Shendao 47, Shendao 505, and Jingyou 586, respectively. Across years and sites, the regression analysis indicated that the combinations of nitrogen fertilization of 195.6 kg ha −1 with a planting density of 22 × 10 4 hills ha −1 , 182.5 kg ha −1 with 25 × 10 4 hills ha −1 , and 220 kg ha −1 with 13.1 × 10 4 hills ha −1 are recommended for medium-, small-, and large-sized panicle rice cultivars, respectively. food habits are changing due to rising living standards, such as the increased consumption of livestock products (such as meat, eggs, and milk), which drives the increase in demand for feed grains, especially in Asia [4,5]. At present, China's area under rice cultivation is 30.3 million hectares with the total yield reaching 207.7 million tons and an average yield of 6.8 t ha −1 , which is 65% higher than that of the world average [6]. China, the world's largest rice producer, has sustainably fed 22% of the world's population using only 7% of the arable land in the world. However, in the past 10 years, increases in rice yield have been slowing down in China, and the increasing population and shortage of arable land have exerted tremendous stress on food security [7]. Therefore, to ensure food security for the growing population, improving rice productivity (production per unit area) remains a priority in China.Much emphasis has been put...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Nitrogen Rate and Planting Density for Improving the Grain Yield of Different Rice Genotypes in Northeast China

et al. 2019

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“…Beside crop positions, timing and frequency of fertilizer application also affected LAI (Fig 1.A). Similar results obtained by the previous study on cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) cultivated in degraded ultisol soil (Anikwe, Emmanuel, Eze, Ibudialo, & Edeh, 2015) and on rice in irrigated rice in China (Chen et al, 2015). Twice fertilizer applications at 15+30 DAT or 30+45 DAT showed higher LAI as compared to others timing and frequency of fertilizer applications.…”

Section: Plant Growth Analysissupporting

confidence: 87%

Internal Versus Edge Row Comparison in Jajar Legowo 4:1 Rice Planting Pattern at Different Frequency of Fertilizer Applications

et al. 2018

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Jajar legowo 4:1 cropping pattern has been adopted by rice farmers; however, there has been limited information on the comparison between internal and edge rows. In addition, the effects of timing and frequency of fertilizer applications on rice cultivated at riparian wetland also have to be understood. In this research, both single and split applications of fertilizer were employed. The single fertilizer applications were applied at 15 days after transplanting (DAT) (T1), 30 DAT (T2), 45 DAT (T3); and the split applications were 15+30 DAT (T4), 15+45 DAT (T5), 30+45 DAT (T6), and 15+30+45 DAT (T7). Results of this research indicated that crops in the edge rows produced higher leaf area index but those at internal rows produced higher dry weight biomass. Split fertilizer application to three times (T7) increased the weight of grains and number of filled spikelet but did not affect other shoot and root growth traits. Overall, fertilizer application increased leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen content. Jajar legowo 4:1 planting pattern and split fertilizer application to three times are recommended for increasing yield in rice cultivated at riparian wetlands.

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“…Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important cereal crops and is an important food source for >65% of the world's population (Saikrishna, Dutta, Subramanian, Moses, & Anandharamakrishnan, ). With an increasing population and growing economy in China, the demand for rice is expected to increase by at least 1% annually (Chen et al., ). Therefore, improving rice yields to ensure food security is critical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving photosynthetic production in rice using integrated crop management in northeast China

Guo

Hongfang

et al. 2020

Crop Science

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Integrated crop management practices can improve rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain yield, but the effects of such practices on dry matter accumulation and photosynthetic productivity are inconsistent and not well understood. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of integrated crop management practices on dry matter accumulation and redistribution, photosynthetic production, and yield of rice in northeast China. Medium‐ and high‐yielding potential japonica rice cultivars were grown using four crop management practices, including no N application (N0), local farmers’ cultivation practice (FP), high‐yield cultivation practice (HYP), and super‐high‐yield cultivation practice (SHYP). The increases in average yield with the HYP and SHYP treatments were 16.87 and 36.70%, respectively, in 2017 and 14.70 and 31.05%, respectively, in 2018, compared with FP. Increases in effective panicle number and spikelet number per panicle were the main reason for the increase in yield under the integrated crop management treatments. Compared with FP, the HYP and SHYP treatments significantly increased the population dry matter by 26.40 and 56.64%, respectively, before the heading stage. Relative to N0 and FP, HYP and SHYP significantly increased the dry matter export, export rate, and translocation rate in the leaves, stems, and sheaths and significantly increased the photosynthetic potential throughout the growth stage and the net assimilation rate after the tillering stage. These increases were critical for improving the quality of rice and achieving higher yields. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the development of high‐yield cultivation methods for rice in northeast China.

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Crop management based on multi-split topdressing enhances grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in irrigated rice in China

Cited by 96 publications

References 26 publications

Optimization of Nitrogen Rate and Planting Density for Improving the Grain Yield of Different Rice Genotypes in Northeast China

Optimization of Nitrogen Rate and Planting Density for Improving the Grain Yield of Different Rice Genotypes in Northeast China

Internal Versus Edge Row Comparison in Jajar Legowo 4:1 Rice Planting Pattern at Different Frequency of Fertilizer Applications

Improving photosynthetic production in rice using integrated crop management in northeast China

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