Critical Size of a Nano SnO<sub>2</sub> Electrode for Li-Secondary Battery

Kim, Chunjoong; Noh, Mijung; Choi, Myungsuk; Cho, Jaephil; Park, Byungwoo

doi:10.1021/cm048003o

Cited by 519 publications

(349 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…100 nm) grew on the electrode during the alloying-dealloying process, resulting in poor cycle performance. 4 In our case, our film consisted of SnO 2 alone without any binders or conductive additives, and Sn crystals would have grown on the film and become bound to their neighboring particles during the alloying process. A CuSn film was prepared using the same method as was employed for the Sn film.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Performance of Sn-based Negative Electrode Films Prepared by Electrostatic Spray Deposition in Lithium Batteries

Koike

Kobayashi

2012

Electrochemistry

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SnO 2 and CuSnO 2 were successfully sprayed onto a Ni substrate using electrostatic spray deposition to produce negative electrode films with highly porous morphologies for use in lithium batteries. The spray-deposited SnCl 2 decomposed to Sn during heat treatment at 230°C under inert atmosphere and then was oxidized to SnO 2 being exposed to the air. The resultant SnO 2 film, which did not contain any additives such as binders or conductive additives, was used as a negative electrode. At the beginning of some charge-discharge cycles, the SnO 2 film achieved a capacity of 780 mAh g −1 , which was close to its theoretical capacity. However, its capacity subsequently decreased because of crystal growth during the Li alloying-dealloying process. The capacity retention of the film was improved by adding Cu to the precursor solution. Although the initial capacity of the CuSnO 2 film was lower than that of the SnO 2 film, the CuSnO 2 film displayed better cycle performance; i.e., it possessed more than double the capacity of the SnO 2 film after 100 cycles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Performance of Sn-based Negative Electrode Films Prepared by Electrostatic Spray Deposition in Lithium Batteries

Koike

Kobayashi

2012

Electrochemistry

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“…The irreversible capacity during the first cycle is associated with the formation of a small amount of non-transferable lithiated transition phase (e.g., Li 2-x CuSn) [35] and possible side reactions with the electrolyte due to the presence of a small amount of SnO 2 [44] as confirmed by the XRD above. It can also be seen from figure 6 that the charge values for Li + insertion and extraction, respectively, are very similar from the third cycles, implying that electrode exhibits reversible capacity.…”

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confidence: 70%

Nanotemplated platinum fuel cell catalysts and copper–tin lithium battery anode materials for microenergy devices

Rohan

Hasan

Holubowitch

2011

Electrochimica Acta

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“…Because the redox peaks of alloying and de-alloying reactions for SnO2/C120-vap were much larger and more stable 60 than those for SnO2⋅AB, the confinement of SnO2 in carbon nanospace is also effective to enhance the reversibility of alloying The charge-discharge properties were also evaluated by galvanostatic measurements. At the initial charge-discharge, the SnO2/C120-vap showed higher capacity of the conversion reaction above 0.9 V than SnO2/C120-sol and SnO2⋅AB although 5 charge capacities in the potential range of 0.01 to 0.9 V due to dealloying were almost the same (Fig. S3, SEI †).…”

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confidence: 98%

Enhanced charge–discharge properties of SnO₂ nanocrystallites in confined carbon nanospace

2014

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Almost perfect embedding of SnO2 nanocrystallites in carbon nanopores was achieved by in situ synthesis using vaporized SnCl2 and silica opal-derived nanoporous carbons. The reversibility of SnO2-Sn conversion and Sn-Li alloying/dealloying reactions was greatly enhanced by the confinement in 10 regulated carbon nanospace.Much research work has been devoted to the development of energy storage devices with both high energy and high power densities due to expected demand for power-grid applications as well as power sources of electric and/or hybrid electric vehicle. 15Lithium-ion secondary batteries (LIBs) are attractive power storage devices, but they still need to be further improved for the power use. Enhancement of capacities and cycleability of electrode materials is one of the tactics to improve the LIB performance. With respect to the LIB anode materials, based materials have been studied as a candidate of large capacity anode alternative to the present graphite or carbon anode. However, the electrochemical reactions of SnO2 with Li ions, which are composed of following reactions (1) and (2), are generally irreversible, and thus cause severe capacity fading 25 during cycling.Conversion reactions: SnO2 + 4 Li + + 4 e − ↔ Sn + 2 Li2O (1) Alloying/de-alloying reactions: Sn + x Li + + x e − ↔ LixSn (2) Some researchers have tried to overcome the problem from the approaches of down-sizing of SnO2 particles 1-5 and controlling 30 the morphology of SnO2 such as nanowires, 6 nanotubes 7,8 and nanospheres. 9-12 Some of them succeeded in yielding relatively high initial capacities, but the capacity retention was not improved enough due to cracking and crumbling in the SnO2-integrated electrodes caused by the volume change during Li 35 insertion and extraction. Nanocomposites of SnO2 and carbon nanomaterials such as mesoporous carbons, 13-15 carbon nanotubes 16,17 and graphene sheets [18][19][20] were effective to suppress the mechanical degradation and showed high capacities and a cycleability improved to some extent. The reported charge-40 discharge capacities of nanocomposites are including electric double layer capacities and/or Li intercalation/de-intercalation capacities of graphite phase, thus it is unclear how much the electrochemical reactions of SnO2 with Li ions contributed to the total capacities and the capacity retentions. In order to achieve 45 high performance of SnO2 electrode materials, it is essentially important to clarify the reversibility of electrochemical reactions of SnO2 with Li ions and which structure is suitable for improving the performance.Since the reported nanocomposites have heterogeneous 50 structures where SnO2 nanoparticles are incorporated in irregular interspace and inner pores of carbon nanomaterials and also are deposited on the outer surfaces of them, it is difficult to evaluate exactly the SnO2 reactions affected significantly by the reaction space. In the present study, we have succeeded in almost perfect 55 embedding of SnO2 nanocrystallites in the regulated carbon nano...

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Critical Size of a Nano SnO₂ Electrode for Li-Secondary Battery

Cited by 519 publications

References 25 publications

Performance of Sn-based Negative Electrode Films Prepared by Electrostatic Spray Deposition in Lithium Batteries

Performance of Sn-based Negative Electrode Films Prepared by Electrostatic Spray Deposition in Lithium Batteries

Nanotemplated platinum fuel cell catalysts and copper–tin lithium battery anode materials for microenergy devices

Enhanced charge–discharge properties of SnO₂ nanocrystallites in confined carbon nanospace

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Critical Size of a Nano SnO2 Electrode for Li-Secondary Battery

Cited by 519 publications

References 25 publications

Performance of Sn-based Negative Electrode Films Prepared by Electrostatic Spray Deposition in Lithium Batteries

Performance of Sn-based Negative Electrode Films Prepared by Electrostatic Spray Deposition in Lithium Batteries

Nanotemplated platinum fuel cell catalysts and copper–tin lithium battery anode materials for microenergy devices

Enhanced charge–discharge properties of SnO2 nanocrystallites in confined carbon nanospace

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Critical Size of a Nano SnO₂ Electrode for Li-Secondary Battery

Enhanced charge–discharge properties of SnO₂ nanocrystallites in confined carbon nanospace