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Cited by 678 publications
(248 citation statements)
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“…After Choi and Eastman (1995) and Choi et al (2001), it has been proved experimentally by many researchers (Masuda et al 1993;Das et al 2003;Pak and Cho 1998;Xuan and Li 2003;Eastman et al 2001;Mintsa et al 2009) that even with small solid volume fraction of nanoparticles (usually less than 5 %), the thermal conductivity of heat transfer fluids can be enhanced by 10-50 %. These studies have been reviewed by Trisaksri and Wongwises (2007), Wang and Mujumdar (2007), Eastman et al (2004), and Kakaç and Pramuanjaroenkij (2009), among others. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), due to cylindrical carbon molecules origin, are found to have special thermal properties with very high thermal conductivities.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…After Choi and Eastman (1995) and Choi et al (2001), it has been proved experimentally by many researchers (Masuda et al 1993;Das et al 2003;Pak and Cho 1998;Xuan and Li 2003;Eastman et al 2001;Mintsa et al 2009) that even with small solid volume fraction of nanoparticles (usually less than 5 %), the thermal conductivity of heat transfer fluids can be enhanced by 10-50 %. These studies have been reviewed by Trisaksri and Wongwises (2007), Wang and Mujumdar (2007), Eastman et al (2004), and Kakaç and Pramuanjaroenkij (2009), among others. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), due to cylindrical carbon molecules origin, are found to have special thermal properties with very high thermal conductivities.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The low heat transfer performance of conventional fluids such as water, engine oil and ethylene glycol hinders the performance enhancement and the compactness of heat exchangers [1,4,5]. The thermal conductivity of a fluid plays a vital role in the development of energy-efficient heat transfer equipment but they have an order-of-magnitude smaller thermal conductivity than metallic or non-metallic particulates.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A very small amount (less than 1% in terms of volume fraction) of copper nanoparticles was reported to improve the measured thermal conductivity of the suspension by 40% [14,27], while over a 150% improvement of the effective thermal conductivity at a volume fraction of 1% was reported by Choi et al [10] for multi-walled carbon nanotubes suspended in oil. The comprehensive references on nanofluid can be found in the recent book by Das et al [12] and in the review papers by Trisaksri and Wongwises [35], Wang and Mujumdar [37], and Kakaç and Pramuanjaroenkij [23]. There have been published quite many numerical studies on the modeling of natural convection heat transfer in nanofluids, namely Khanafer et al [25], Roy et al [34], Jou and Tzeng [22], Ho et al [18,19], Congedo et al [11], and Ghasemi and Aminossadati [15].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%