Crescimento e produção do maracujazeiro amarelo sob irrigação suplementar com águas salinas

Abstract

Crescimento e produção do maracujazeiro amarelo sob irrigação suplementar com águas salinas 1 R E S U M OEspécies vegetais, cultivadas sob irrigação em áreas semi-áridas, estão propensas aos efeitos adversos de sais solúveis e sódio trocável na zona radicular, culminando em redução no seu crescimento e na produção, a níveis antieconômicos. Assim, se estudaram, no Vale do Rio Piranhas, em Sousa, PB, entre dezembro de 1999 e setembro de 2000, os efeitos de cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água (CEa: 0,2, 2,0, 3,0, 4,0 e 5,0 dS m -1 , a 25 ºC) sobre o crescimento e a produção do maracujazeiro amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Deg.) sob irrigação suplementar, em um ensaio inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. As plantas, espaçadas 3,0 x 2,5 m, foram irrigadas durante 100 dias na fase final, diariamente por gotejamento, e as lâminas dimensionadas através de Tanque Classe A, usando-se os coeficientes de correção do tanque (Kp -0,50), coeficiente de cultura (Kc -0,80) e coeficiente de sombreamento (Ks -0,19 e 0,30). A irrigação suplementar com água de salinidade de 5,0 dS m -1 não promoveu redução significativa nas variáveis estudadas (diâmetro de caule, período para poda da haste principal e dos ramos secundários, produção total e comercial, número de frutos total e comercial, peso médio do total de frutos e de frutos comercializáveis do maracujazeiro amarelo) Palavras-chave: Passiflora edulis, salinidade, irrigaçãoGrowth and production of yellow passion fruit under supplemental irrigation with saline water A B S T R A C TVegetable species cultivated under irrigation in semi-arid areas are subjected to the adverse effects of soluble salts and exchangeable sodium in the root zone, resulting in reduction of growth and production. In this context in the Valley of Rio Piranhas, in Sousa -PB, during December, 1999 to September, 2000, the effects of five levels of electrical conductivity of the water (ECw: 0.2, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 dS m -1 at 25 ºC) on the growth and the production of the yellow passion fruit plant (Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Deg.) under supplemental irrigation were studied in a completely randomized experimental design, with four repetitions. The plants, spaced 3.0 x 2.5 m, were drip irrigated daily, and the depth was calculated using data of Tank Class A, using the coefficients of correction (Kp -0.50), crop coefficient (Kc -0.80) and shade coefficient (Ks -0.19 and 0.30). Supplemental irrigation with water of salinity of 5.0 dS m -1 did not promote any significant reduction in analyzed variables (stem diameter, the time necessary to prune main stem and the secondary branches, the total and commercial production, the total and commercial number of fruits, and the mean weight of total fruits and the commercial fruits of the passion fruit plant)

The Impacts of Biofertilizer and Mineral Fertilization on the Growth and Production of Yellow Passion Fruit Irrigated With Moderately Saline Water

“…These results are signifi cantly higher than 1.62 t ha ) and organic matter in the planting hole and are also higher than the value of 6 t ha -1 obtained by Soares et al (2008) non-saline water, Cavalcante et al (2007b) . Except for the data observed by Rodolfo Júnior et al (2008), productivity data obtained in this study surpass the data referenced by the other mentioned experiments, indicating that the biofertilizer had a positive action on the soil and plants by reducing the negative effects of excess of irrigation water salts and stimulating the production of fruits.…”

“…The number of fruits was higher in treatments with the presence of mineral fertilizer, especially when higher levels of organic input were applied. It exceeded the 46,828 fruits ha -1 value obtained by Soares et al (2008) as with the number of branches per plant, NFH reached higher values in treatments with the presence of mineral fertilizer, especially when applied with the highest levels of biofertilizer, which indicates that there was a direct relation between the increase in the number of fruits and the number of productive branches.…”

“…AFW values for the treatments without mineral fertilizer, similar to NFH, did not adjust to any polynomial regression model and were represented by the average value of 210 g. Both with and without mineral fertilizer, the values surpass the 133 g fruit -1 obtained by Soares et al (2008) by Dias et al (2011) with yellow passion fruit grown in soil irrigated with saline water with an EC of 4.5 dS m -1 and treated with biofertilizer. This value was also higher than those obtained by Choi et al (2007a), Rodolfo Júnior et al (2008) and Rodrigues et al (2009) with passion fruit plants treated with biofertilizer and mineral fertilization under irrigation with non-saline water.…”

“…It stimulates the generation of foreign exchange and jobs due to appreciation of the fruit, its physicochemical properties and pharmacotherapeutic effects of its juice (Silva et al, 2015). However, the feasibility of its growth in semi-arid areas of the Northeast depends on irrigation, which is performed, in large part, with a saline water content detrimental to the growth, production and quality of fruits (Soares et al, 2008;Dias et al, 2011;Viana et al, 2012).…”

Produção do maracujazeiro e resistência mecânica do solo com biofertilizante sob irrigação com águas salinas

“…A irrigação com águas salinas pode comprometer a qualidade edáfica, provocando aumento da densidade, redução da porosidade, da aeração e da disponibilidade de água e de nutrientes às plantas, além de aumentar o impedimento mecânico ao crescimento radicular, afetando a formação de novas raízes e prejudicando o estabelecimento da cultura do maracujazeiro (CARVALHO et al, 2006;CUNHA et al, 2002;SOARES et al, 2008). Uma das propriedades físicas importantes para o manejo e estudo da qualidade física dos solos segundo Dexter (2004) e Sá e Santos Junior (2005), é a resistência do solo à penetração (RSP), pois influencia diretamente o crescimento das raízes, comprometendo a produção.…”