Creep, Ageing and Microstructural Change in Dense Granular Materials

Bowman, Elisabeth T.; Soga, Kenichi

doi:10.3208/sandf.43.4_107

Cited by 99 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In their tests, the change in microstructure of the sands in 1D creep was investigated using the techniques of resin injection and optical microscopy of sections. It was observed that the creep of the sandy soils at low stress levels is due to the rearrangement of the grains over time [8]. Zhechao wang (2010) in the 1D creep tests of Ottawa sand at high stress levels found that the grain crushing amount increases with both time and vertical stress [12].…”

Section: Experimental Observation On Time Dependent Behavior Of Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For effective stress to remain constant during creep stage, average number of clay particle contacts must be constant. Bowman and Soga (2003) conducted a series of creep tests on Leighton Buzzard sand and Montpellier sand at low stress levels (50 and 500 kPa). In their tests, the change in microstructure of the sands in 1D creep was investigated using the techniques of resin injection and optical microscopy of sections.…”

Section: Experimental Observation On Time Dependent Behavior Of Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental study of the effect of stress level on time dependent deformation of sandy clay soil

Negahdar

Yadegari

Houshmandi

2016

JGS Special Publication

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Time-dependent deformation is important subject in geotechnical engineering where in long-term behavior is concerned. Time-dependent deformation is defined as development of shear-and/or volumetric deformation under a constant state of stress which can lead to long term settlement. In this paper, an experimental program is carried out to investigate the effects of stress levels on creep behavior of sandy clay soil. One-dimensional oedometer single stage and stepwise tests are carried out under single drainage condition on dried and water-saturated sandy clay soil at different stress levels, and the test results are explained using the coefficient of secondary compression (C α ) and compression index (C c ). In this study, it is assumed that the time-dependent deformation begins at the end of primary consolidation when the excess pore water pressure is completely dissipated. The experimental results indicate that at low stress level, large amount of time-dependent deformation is occurred in water saturated samples, and with increment of stress level, time-dependent deformation rate decreases, but in dry samples with increasing stress level time-dependent deformation rate increases. There is an approximately linear relation between the void ratio and the logarithm of effective axial stress, and the compression index (C c ) of the saturated sandy clay samples is higher than that of the dry sandy clay samples.

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Section: Experimental Observation On Time Dependent Behavior Of Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Observation On Time Dependent Behavior Of Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental study of the effect of stress level on time dependent deformation of sandy clay soil

Negahdar

Yadegari

Houshmandi

2016

JGS Special Publication

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“…Mean free path method Bowman (2002) suggested the use of variance and kurtosis as statistical measures to asses particle interlock. For an interlocked structure to have the same average density as an unlocked one there must be areas where particles are more clustered and more loosely packed, compared to the unlocked structure.…”

Section: Microstructure Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, there are two main suggested mechanisms, chemical (Mitchell & Solymar, 1984;Sheldon, 2003) and mechanical (Schmertmann, 1991;Bowman & Soga, 2003).This study attempts to enhance our understanding of ageing under mechanical creep behaviour, by investigating microscopic changes that occur during ageing under load. The paper focuses on the initial results for loose silty sand in terms of changes in soil fabric with time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of time-dependent microstructural change of a silty sand under load

Yusa

Bowman

2013

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Imaging technology may be used in geotechnical engineering to enhance our understanding of microscopic characteristics and micro-mechanical behaviour of sands. In this study, silty sand samples loaded uniaxially under K 0 condition for ageing times of one hour and one week were preserved using low viscosity epoxy resin. High quality images were captured by scanning electron microscope utilizing a backscattered electron detector to give excellent contrast between the grains and the voids. Change in microstructure due to ageing is investigated statistically using particle orientation and distribution of spatial distance between particles in horizontal and vertical directions. It was found that although mean distance between particles only slightly reduces, overall ageing causes larger sand particles to rotate. It is suggested that only few fine particles (silt) rotate during ageing because the majority of them are not in the strongly loaded force chains, so that they just float within the voids.

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Mechanical Properties of Conducting Printed Nanosheet Network Thin Films Under Uniaxial Compression

Sinnott,

Kelly,

Gabbett

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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Thin film networks of solution processed nanosheets show remarkable promise for use in a broad range of applications including strain sensors, energy storage, printed devices, textile electronics and more. While it is known that their electronic properties rely heavily on their morphology, little is known of their mechanical nature, a glaring omission given the effect mechanical deformation has on the morphology of porous systems and the promise of mechanical post processing for tailored properties. Here, we employ a recent advance in thin film mechanical testing called the Layer Compression Test to perform the first in situ analysis of printed nanosheet network compression. Due to the well‐defined deformation geometry of this unique test, we are able to explore the out‐of‐plane elastic, plastic, and creep deformation in these systems, extracting properties of elastic modulus, plastic yield, viscoelasticity, tensile failure and sheet bending vs. slippage under both out of plane uniaxial compression and tension. We characterise these for a range of networks of differing porosities and sheet sizes, for low and high compression, as well as the effect of chemical cross linking. We explore graphene and MoS2 networks, from which the results can be extended to printed nanosheet networks as a whole.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Creep, Ageing and Microstructural Change in Dense Granular Materials

Cited by 99 publications

References 28 publications

Experimental study of the effect of stress level on time dependent deformation of sandy clay soil

Experimental study of the effect of stress level on time dependent deformation of sandy clay soil

Quantification of time-dependent microstructural change of a silty sand under load

Mechanical Properties of Conducting Printed Nanosheet Network Thin Films Under Uniaxial Compression

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