Creation of zero CO2 Emissions Hospitals Due to Energy Use A Case Study in Crete-Greece

2019

OJEE

Self Cite

Use of district heating and cooling systems has many environmental advantages compared to individual heating and cooling. Recent advances in solar energy technologies for heat and power generation have reduced their cost and promoted their use instead of fossil fuels. Solar-PV energy for electricity generation and solar thermal energy for hot water production are broadly used today. Solar energy resources in the Mediterranean region are abundant while space cooling in buildings is required when solar irradiance is high. The possibility of using solar energy for fuelling water chillers providing cold water in district cooling systems in the Mediterranean basin has been investigated. Existing literature and studies concerning the use of district cooling systems globally as well as the energy sources used in them have been examined. Solar-PV energy combined with compression chillers and solar thermal energy combined with thermally driven chillers can be used for cold water production. Their overall efficiencies, converting solar energy to cold water, vary between 22% and 56% compared with 45% for compression chillers using grid electricity. It is concluded that various solar energy technologies could be used with different types of water chillers for fuelling district cooling networks in the future in the Mediterranean region.

Section: Thus Countries With Large District Heating Sectors Like Denmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibilities of Using Solar Energy in District Cooling Systems in the Mediterranean Region

2019

OJEE

Self Cite

“…For the following estimations, it has been assumed that the embodied energy in the residential building with a life span of 50 years is equal to 15% of its life cycle (Vourdoubas, 2016).…”

Section: Estimation Of the Required Solar-pv System In Order To Zero mentioning

confidence: 99%

Creation of Zero CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions Residential Buildings due to Operating and Embodied Energy Use on the Island of Crete, Greece

2017

OJEE

Self Cite

The possibility of creating zero CO 2 emissions residential buildings due to life cycle energy use in the island of Crete, Greece has been examined. In a typical residential building located in Crete, Greece, its annual operating energy has been appraised at 170 KWh/m 2 and its embodied energy at 30 KWh/m 2 . Various locally available renewable energies including solar energy, solid biomass and low enthalpy geothermal energy with heat pumps have been considered for generating the required heat and offsetting the grid electricity used. Their technologies are mature, reliable and cost-effective. Offset of the annual grid electricity use in the building with solar-PV electricity is allowed according to the net metering regulation. For zero carbon emissions due to embodied energy of the building, generation of additional solar electricity injected into the grid is required. A mathematical model has been developed for sizing the required solar-PV system installed in the building in order to offset the grid electricity use. For a residential building in Crete, Greece with a covered area of 100 m 2 , the power of the additional solar-PV system has been estimated at 1.6 KWp and its cost at 2400 €. In the current work, it is indicated that the creation of a zero CO 2 emissions residential building due to life cycle energy use in Crete, Greece does not have major difficulties and it could be achieved relatively easily.

“…The highest potential in developed countries and economies in transition results from fuel savings. Vourdoubas, 2015 andVourdoubas, 2016 presented the possibility of creating zero-CO 2 emissions hotels and residential buildings due to energy use in Crete, Greece. The author indicated that two combinations of renewable energy technologies could cover all the energy needs of the buildings zeroing their CO 2 emissions in Crete.…”

Section: Sartori Et Al 2012mentioning

confidence: 99%

Realization of a Small Residential Building with Zero CO2 Emissions Due to Energy Use in Crete, Greece

2017

SET

Self Cite

European buildings account for large amounts of energy consumption and CO 2 emissions and current EU policies target in decreasing their energy consumption and subsequent CO 2 emissions. Realization of a small, grid-connected, residential building with zero CO 2 emissions due to energy use in Crete, Greece shows that this can be easily achieved. Required heat and electricity in the building were generated with the use of locally available renewable energies including solar energy and solid biomass. Annual energy consumption and on-site energy generation were balanced over a year as well as the annual electricity exchange between the building and the grid. Technologies used for heat and power generation included solar-thermal, solar-PV and solid-biomass burning which are reliable, mature and cost-effective. Annual energy consumption in the 65 m 2 building was 180 KWh/m 2 and its annual CO 2 emissions were 84.67 kgCO 2 /m 2 . The total capital cost of the required renewable energy systems was estimated at approximately 10.77% of its total construction cost, and the required capital investments in renewable energy systems, in order to achieve the goal of a residential building with zero CO 2 emissions due to energy use, were 1.65 € per kgCO 2 , saved annually. The results of this study prove that the creation of zero CO 2 emissions buildings is technically feasible, economically attractive and environmentally friendly. Therefore they could be used to create future policies promoting the creation of this type of building additionally to the existing policies promoting near-zero energy buildings.