Creation of a Phenol/Water Phase Diagram Using a Low-Cost Automated System and Remote Transmission

Cachichi, Ricardo Cenamo; Júnior, Gildo Girotto; Galembeck, Eduardo; Schewinsky, José Antonio Moreira; Gomes, Diego Ferreira; Simoni, José de Alencar

doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c00070

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…As teachers in training, they also recognize that the possibilities of using the Arduino platform in automation situations in the didactic laboratory, as advocated by several authors, is a way to progressively deepen the use of educational robotics and stimulate the development of new skills, such as basic electronics, programming language, and logic. 9,11,15,18,24,25 ■ CONCLUSION When it comes to determining the solubility variation of potassium nitrate in water as a function of temperature, both the new experimental method proposed in this work as well as the experimental activity traditionally used in Portuguese secondary schools produce results very close to those found in the literature. This proves that both approaches are a good starting point to promote the learning of contents related to the solubility of salts in water.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…However, they infer that the new activity’s potential for the development of technological and digital skills and literacies, as well as its versatility to fit into diversified and more enriching pedagogical approaches, make it a more interesting alternative to the traditional exploration of this activity for students to learn about solubility-related chemistry contents. As teachers in training, they also recognize that the possibilities of using the Arduino platform in automation situations in the didactic laboratory, as advocated by several authors, is a way to progressively deepen the use of educational robotics and stimulate the development of new skills, such as basic electronics, programming language, and logic. ,,,,, …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The design of the experimental apparatus was inspired by the approach proposed by Cachichi et al, namely, "a light detection system with a red laser (connected to the board's power supply), a light-dependent resistor (LDR, connected to an analog board port), a DS18B20 temperature sensor (connected to a digital board port)"; 18 an I2C LCD display and an Arduino Uno R3 were built as shown in Figures 2 and 3. The code used is available in the Supporting Information.…”

Section: Alternative Experimental Procedures With Automatic Data Acqu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Alternative Experimental Procedure to Determine the Solubility of Potassium Nitrate in Water with Automatic Data Acquisition Using Arduino for Secondary School: Development and Validation with Pre-Service Chemistry Teachers

Morais

Araújo

2022

J. Chem. Educ.

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In the laboratory, data acquisition systems are important, as they allow us to easily and precisely collect data. In this sense, Arduino emerges as an automatic data acquisition device with great potential, due to its low cost and high versatility. In this work, we describe the development of an experimental apparatus, with automatic data acquisition using Arduino, to determine the variation of the solubility of potassium nitrate in water as a function of temperature. Ten chemistry teachers in initial training were involved in developing and validating that alternative experimental procedure for secondary school. Pre-service chemistry teachers determined the solubility of the aforementioned salt at different temperatures, using both a method for the study of the solubility of salts that does not resort to automatic data acquisition as well as the alternative method proposed in this work. The experimental solubility curves of potassium nitrate were plotted for both situations. The experimental results obtained by both methods are similar and very close to the values reported in the literature. Moreover, chemistry teachers in initial training recognize that the proposed method can promote the development of secondary students' skills such as greater mastery in assembling electrical circuits and in the use of technological devices or software for automatic data acquisition and processing. Thus, the results suggest the feasibility of the developed experimental method for its implementation in an educational context with secondary students and prove it to be an asset for the education of students, when compared to the traditionally used method.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alternative Experimental Procedures With Automatic Data Acqu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Alternative Experimental Procedure to Determine the Solubility of Potassium Nitrate in Water with Automatic Data Acquisition Using Arduino for Secondary School: Development and Validation with Pre-Service Chemistry Teachers

Morais

Araújo

2022

J. Chem. Educ.

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“…A second method for mapping the liquid–liquid coexistence curve with these samples is to find T cx for each sample individually using laser light scattering. This approach has been presented as an undergraduate project in this Journal , and elsewhere . In practice, the correct identification of T cx from laser light scattering signals is actually subtler than these articles imply, and interested readers are encouraged to look at the Supporting Information and references therein for more details.…”

Section: Demonstrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several approaches for undergraduate determination of liquid–liquid coexistence lines have been described in the literature. − The classroom demonstration described here can be turned into a laboratory project where students map the IAWD phase diagram by repeating volume ratio measurements at different temperatures. For more advanced students, the volume data can then be used to determine the critical mass fraction of the system w IBA,C and also to obtain an estimate for the universal critical exponent β.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid–Liquid Demonstrations: Phase Equilibria and the Lever Rule

Williamson

2021

J. Chem. Educ.

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The lever rule applies to any two-component system existing in a state of two-phase equilibrium. Here, several classroom demonstrations are described to help students understand liquid–liquid coexistence and the lever rule using a set of isobutyric acid + water + dye samples ranging in composition from water + dye to isobutyric acid + dye. The critical temperature of the partially miscible isobutyric acid + water system is just above room temperature, so students can perceive the general shape of the coexistence curve by watching a progression of phase separations take place over time as the set of prewarmed single-phase samples are allowed to cool. Qualitative visualization of the lever rule is demonstrated by showing students the set of samples after equilibration at a temperature well below the critical temperature. An interactive Excel spreadsheet is provided to help students connect their observations of the samples with the phase diagram. Quantitative and intuitive interpretation of the lever rule can be achieved through height measurements of the biphasic sample layers, leading to immediate graphical determination of the compositions of the isothermal equilibrated phases in the classroom. The set of samples may also be used in an extended classroom or laboratory project to map out the coexistence curve, and advanced students can use the coexistence data to estimate the critical composition of the system, as well as the universal critical exponent β. Finally, preparation of a stable hexaphasic immiscible liquid mixture is described.

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