Creatine supplementation elicits greater muscle hypertrophy in upper than lower limbs and trunk in resistance-trained men

Nunes, João Pedro; Ribeiro, Alex Silva; Schöenfeld, Brad J.; Tomeleri, Crisieli M.; Avelar, Ademar; Trindade, Michele Caroline de Costa; Nabuco, Hellen C G; Cavalcante, Edilaine F.; Sugihara, Paulo; Fernandes, Rodrigo R; Carvalho, Ferdinando Oliveira; Cyrino, Edílson Serpeloni

doi:10.1177/0260106017737013

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Fat-free mass (FMM) was calculated as "all that is not fat", subtracting fat weight from body weight, or when the measurements were obtained by dual X-ray absorptiometry was calculated as lean tissue plus bone mineral content [12]. Lean muscle mass (LMM), lean mass, lean body mass, bone-free lean body mass or mineral-free lean mass was calculated as the fat-free mass minus the bone mineral content (DXA) or as fat-free mass minus the estimated weight [13] of the live bone by the equation of Heymsfield et al [14]. Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) or skeletal muscle was defined as lean muscle and was calculated by anthropometric equations, by proprietary algorithms when using bioimpedance or by estimates based on dual X-ray absorptiometry data [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ideally, muscle mass should be measured isolated from the rest of the tissues, but this can only be achieved by using nuclear magnetic resonance and most of the studies do not utilize this method. Therefore, very few studies assess muscle mass as an isolated variable from the rest of the tissues and/or provide the value for the whole-body muscle mass [13,15,146].…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Resistance Training on Whole-Body Muscle Growth in Healthy Adult Males

Benito

Cupeiro

Ramos-Campo

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to study all published clinical trial interventions, determined the magnitude of whole-body hypertrophy in humans (healthy males) and observed the individual responsibility of each variable in muscle growth after resistance training (RT). Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from database inception until 10 May 2018 for original articles assessing the effects of RT on muscle size after interventions of more than 2 weeks of duration. Specifically, we obtain the variables fat-free mass (FMM), lean muscle mass (LMM) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM). The effects on outcomes were expressed as mean differences (MD) and a random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regressions determined covariates (age, weight, height, durations in weeks…) to explore the moderate effect related to the participants and characteristics of training. One hundred and eleven studies (158 groups, 1927 participants) reported on the effects of RT for muscle mass. RT significantly increased muscle mass (FFM+LMM+SMM; Δ1.53 kg; 95% CI [1.30, 1.76], p < 0.001; I2 = 0%, p = 1.00). Considering the overall effects of the meta-regression, and taking into account the participants’ characteristics, none of the studied covariates explained any effect on changes in muscle mass. Regarding the training characteristics, the only significant variable that explained the variance of the hypertrophy was the sets per workout, showing a significant negative interaction (MD; estimate: 1.85, 95% CI [1.45, 2.25], p < 0.001; moderator: -0.03 95% CI [−0.05, −0.001] p = 0.04). In conclusion, RT has a significant effect on the improvement of hypertrophy (~1.5 kg). The excessive sets per workout affects negatively the muscle mass gain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Resistance Training on Whole-Body Muscle Growth in Healthy Adult Males

Benito

Cupeiro

Ramos-Campo

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Also, Lanhers et al [25] in their review study concluded that creatine supplementation would increase strength of the upper body (bench press) in activities lasting less than 3 minutes. Study Nunes et al [28] suggested an increase in muscle hypertrophy, especially in the upper body, due to the use of creatine supplementation in young men practicing RT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of creatine ethyl ester supplementation and resistance training on hormonal changes, body composition and muscle strength in underweight non-athlete men

Arazi

Eghbali

Karimifard

2019

Biomedical Human Kinetics

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SummaryStudy aim: The aim of this study to determine whether creatine ethyl ester (CEE) supplementation combined with resistance training (RT) is effective for improving hormonal changes, body composition and muscle strength in underweight non-athlete men.Materials and methods: Sixteen underweight non-athlete men participated in this double-blind study and were randomly assigned to one of two groups: RT with placebo (RT + PL, n = 8) and RT with CEE supplementation (RT + CEE, n = 8). The participants performed 6 weeks of RT (60–80% 1RM) combined with CEE or PL. 48 hours before and after the training period, muscle strength (1RM for leg press and bench press), body composition (percentage of body fat, circumference measurements of the arm and thigh), serum levels of testosterone, cortisol, and growth hormone (GH) of the participant were measurements.Results: Significant increases were observed for weight, muscle strength and muscle mass, serum levels of testosterone and GH between pre and post-test in the RT + CEE group (p < 0.05). In addition, cortisol level was significantly decreased in the post-test in the RT+CEE group. The decrease in fat percent was greater in the RT + PL group than in the RT + CEE group (%change = –6.78 vs. –0.76, respectively). Weight and leg strength changes in the RT + CEE group were significant compared to the RT + PL group (p < 0.001, p = 0.05, p = 0.001; respectively). However, in other variables, despite the increase of GH and testosterone levels and lower levels of cortisol in the RT + CEE group, no significant differences were observed between the two groups (p < 0.05).Conclusion: It seems that the consumption of CEE combined with RT can have significant effects on body weight and leg strength in underweight non-athlete men. This supplement may provide a potential nutritional intervention to promote body weight in underweight men.

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“…La creatina incrementa los niveles de fosfocreatina en el músculo, molécula esencial para la resíntesis de ATP, además facilita la hipertrofia muscular 2 . Además, en otro estudio se observó que la creatina podía aumentar la hipertrofia muscular particularmente en las extremidades superiores 21 . Los grandes grupos musculares de las extremidades superiores cobran gran importancia en el remo, por lo que este beneficio referido en el anterior artículo podría ser de gran interés y sería útil aumentar el foco de la investigación en este ámbito.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Consumo de suplementos deportivos en remeros universitarios

Pérez-Monzón

Jiménez-Alfageme

Sospedra³

et al. 2021

Rev And Med Dep

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Introducción: El uso de suplementos deportivos (SD) es muy común entre los atletas y durante los últimos años la prevalencia de su consumo ha ido aumentando. Sin embargo, no todos los SD proporcionan los beneficios que se busca cuando se decide consumir este tipo de sustancias. Es por ello que las entidades científicas han puesto su foco en la evaluación de SD y se han creado clasificaciones en función de la evidencia científica, como la que ha propuesto el Instituto Australiano del Deporte (AIS). Los remeros de élite realizan sesiones de entrenamiento centradas en el desarrollo de la capacidad aeróbica y anaeróbica por lo que la utilización de SD adecuados puede mejorar el rendimiento de estos deportistas. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de consumo de SD en remeros de élite universitarios y evaluar el grado de evidencia del SD consumido. Método: Estudio descriptivo y transversal en el que han participado 14 remeros del equipo de remo de la Universidad de Alicante. Se utilizó un cuestionario, previamente validado, para recoger los datos pertinentes al consumo de SD. Resultados: Los SD más consumidos fueron: cafeína (81%), proteína de suero (75%), creatina monohidrato (62,5%), barritas energéticas (56,3%), bebida isotónica (50%) y BCAA (43,7%). La finalidad principal de su uso fue para mejorar el rendimiento deportivo y solo un 33% estaba asesorado por un dietista-nutricionista. Conclusión: La mayoría de los SD utilizados por los remeros tienen respaldo científico. Por lo que sería interesante que se llevasen a cabo más investigaciones en esta población.

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Creatine supplementation elicits greater muscle hypertrophy in upper than lower limbs and trunk in resistance-trained men

Abstract: Our results suggest that Cr supplementation can positively augment muscle hypertrophy in resistance-trained young adult men, particularly in the upper limbs.

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Resistance Training on Whole-Body Muscle Growth in Healthy Adult Males

A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Resistance Training on Whole-Body Muscle Growth in Healthy Adult Males

Effect of creatine ethyl ester supplementation and resistance training on hormonal changes, body composition and muscle strength in underweight non-athlete men

Consumo de suplementos deportivos en remeros universitarios

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