Craniodental characters and the relationships of Procyonidae (Mammalia: Carnivora)

Ahrens, Heather E.

doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00778.x

Cited by 13 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…36; Fig. 5b and Baskin 1989Baskin , 2004Decker and Wozencraft 1991;Ahrens 2012). However, molecular data analyses (Koepfli et al 2007;Eizirik et al 2010) have contested the groupings obtained with morphological data alone by considering that morphology-based assessments reflect convergences associated with similar lifestyles and diets rather than ancestry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nomenclature for the dentition follows Ahrens (2012) and Baskin (1982Baskin ( , 1989. The comparative material, measurements, and institutions that house the specimens compared are provided in the electronic supplementary material.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…brevirostris, and AMU-CURS 224). Additional searches were performed with extant and extinct procyonids with more than 25 % and more than 50 % of the characters scorable (electronic supplementary material), following the analyses of Ahrens (2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data matrix was taken from Ahrens (2012); it includes 78 morphological characters (35 from skull, 3 from dentary, and 43 from dentition) and 26 terminal taxa. All characters were equally weighted and treated as unordered.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carnivorans at the Great American Biotic Interchange: new discoveries from the northern neotropics

Forasiepi

Soibelzon

Suarez

et al. 2014

Naturwissenschaften

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We report two fossil procyonids, Cyonasua sp. and Chapalmalania sp., from the late Pliocene of Venezuela (Vergel Member, San Gregorio Formation) and Colombia (Ware Formation), respectively. The occurrence of these preHolocene procyonids outside Argentina and in the north of South America provides further information about the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI). The new specimens are recognized in the same monophyletic group as procyonids found in the southern part of the continent, the "Cyonasua group," formed by species of Cyonasua and Chapalmalania. The phylogenetic analysis that includes the two new findings support the view that procyonids dispersed from North America in two separate events (initially, previous to the first major migration wave-GABI 1-and then within the last major migration wave-GABI 4-). This involved reciprocal lineage migrations from North to South America, and included the evolution of South American endemic forms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carnivorans at the Great American Biotic Interchange: new discoveries from the northern neotropics

Forasiepi

Soibelzon

Suarez

et al. 2014

Naturwissenschaften

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“…Morphological terminology follows Evans (1993) and Ahrens (2012). Craniodental variables were measured by the first author with digital calipers to the nearest 0.1 mm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic revision of the olingos (Bassaricyon), with description of a new species, the Olinguito

Helgen¹,

Pinto²,

Kays³

et al. 2013

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We present the first comprehensive taxonomic revision and review the biology of the olingos, the endemic Neotropical procyonid genus Bassaricyon, based on most specimens available in museums, and with data derived from anatomy, morphometrics, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, field observations, and geographic range modeling. Species of Bassaricyon are primarily forest-living, arboreal, nocturnal, frugivorous, and solitary, and have one young at a time. We demonstrate that four olingo species can be recognized, including a Central American species (Bassaricyon gabbii), lowland species with eastern, cis-Andean (Bassaricyon alleni) and western, trans-Andean (Bassaricyon medius) distributions, and a species endemic to cloud forests in the Andes. The oldest evolutionary divergence in the genus is between this last species, endemic to the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador, and all other species, which occur in lower elevation habitats. Surprisingly, this Andean endemic species, which we call the Olinguito, has never been previously described; it represents a new species in the order Carnivora and is the smallest living member of the family Procyonidae. We report on the biology of this new species based on information from museum specimens, niche modeling, and fieldwork in western Ecuador, and describe four Olinguito subspecies based on morphological distinctions across different regions of the Northern Andes.

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Morphometric Study of Phylogenetic and Ecologic Signals in Procyonid (Mammalia: Carnivora) Endocasts

Ahrens

2014

The Anatomical Record

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Endocasts provide a proxy for brain morphology but are rarely incorporated in phylogenetic analyses despite the potential for new suites of characters. The phylogeny of Procyonidae, a carnivoran family with relatively limited taxonomic diversity, is not well resolved because morphological and molecular data yield conflicting topologies. The presence of phylogenetic and ecologic signals in the endocasts of procyonids will be determined using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics. Endocasts of seven ingroup species and four outgroup species were digitally rendered and 21 landmarks were collected from the endocast surface. Two phylogenetic hypotheses of Procyonidae will be examined using methods testing for phylogenetic signal in morphometric data. In analyses of all taxa, there is significant phylogenetic signal in brain shape for both the morphological and molecular topologies. However, the analyses of ingroup taxa recover a significant phylogenetic signal for the morphological topology only. These results indicate support for the molecular outgroup topology, but not the ingroup topology given the brain shape data. Further examination of brain shape using principal components analysis and wireframe comparisons suggests procyonids possess more developed areas of the brain associated with motor control, spatial perception, and balance relative to the basal musteloid condition. Within Procyonidae, similar patterns of variation are present, and may be associated with increased arboreality in certain taxa. Thus, brain shape derived from endocasts may be used to test for phylogenetic signal and preliminary analyses suggest an association with behavior and ecology. Anat Rec, 297:2318Rec, 297: -2330Rec, 297: , 2014. V C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Key words: neuroanatomy; encephalization; phylogeny; Procyonidae; MephitidaeNeuroanatomy and the evolution of brain size have long been of interest to paleomammalogists. The foundations for interpreting differences in brain size and shape in Mammalia were established, in part, by work on the

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Craniodental characters and the relationships of Procyonidae (Mammalia: Carnivora)

Cited by 13 publications

References 51 publications

Carnivorans at the Great American Biotic Interchange: new discoveries from the northern neotropics

Carnivorans at the Great American Biotic Interchange: new discoveries from the northern neotropics

Taxonomic revision of the olingos (Bassaricyon), with description of a new species, the Olinguito

Morphometric Study of Phylogenetic and Ecologic Signals in Procyonid (Mammalia: Carnivora) Endocasts

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