Cranial bone defects: current and future strategies

Abstract

<jats:p>Bony defects in the craniomaxillofacial skeleton remain a major and challenging health concern. Surgeons have been trying for centuries to restore functionality and aesthetic appearance using autografts, allografts, and even xenografts without entirely satisfactory results. As a result, physicians, scientists, and engineers have been trying for the past few decades to develop new techniques to improve bone growth and bone healing. In this review, the authors summarize the advantages and limitations of current animal models; describe current materials used as scaffolds, cell-based, and protein-based therapies; and lastly highlight areas for future investigation. The purpose of this review is to highlight the major scaffold-, cell-, and protein-based preclinical tools that are currently being developed to repair cranial defects.</jats:p>

Self-Assembling Peptide Nanofibers Coupled with Neuropeptide Substance P for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…Repair of cranio-maxillofacial deformation or calvarial bone defects caused by hereditary diseases, severe trauma, resection, or tumors still has limitations. 1 Numerous studies on various biomaterials and cellbased therapies have sought to regenerate bone tissue. Many types of bioceramics and growth factors have been used with biodegradable polymer scaffolds for osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or preosteoblasts.…”

“…Many types of bioceramics and growth factors have been used with biodegradable polymer scaffolds for osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or preosteoblasts. 1,2 Coating or mixing of hydroxyapatite or b-TCP with bone substitutes enhances bone regeneration due to their osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. 3 It has also been reported that MSCs derived from bone marrow or adipose tissue can improve regeneration efficiency.…”

Analisa Akurasi Geometri Penggunaan Metode Injection Moulding Berbasis Printer 3D Untuk Produksi Implan Pada Bedah Cranioplasty

“…Defek tulang kepala (cranial bone defects) dan defek tulang wajah (cranio facial defects) merupakan kasus medis dimana tidak adanya jaringan tulang pada bagian cranial dan facial [1] [2], [3], [4]. Defek tersebut dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya fungsionalitas tulang kranial dan perubahan anatomi [4].…”

“…Defek tersebut dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya fungsionalitas tulang kranial dan perubahan anatomi [4]. Rekonstruksi dan redesain/perbaikan pada defek tulang kepala disebut sebagai tindakan cranioplasty [5].…”

Bioactive glass-containing cranial implants: an overview

“…The first studies using fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) in medicine and dentistry occurred in the early 1960s, but more extensive research started in the early 1990s which led to introduction of FRCs as reconstructive material for damaged dental hard tissues [14][15][16][17][18]. The first approved surgical applications were found in cranial surgery [18].…”