Crack healing in infusible thermoplastic composite laminates

Khan, Tayyab; Irfan, Muhammad; Cantwell, Wesley; Umer, Rehan

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2022.106896

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…This sudden drop represents the degradation of Elium® due to breakage of the polymer chains. [ 2 ] It is important to note that the Elium® resin starts to degrade at 280°C, critical temperature for the degradation of the thermoplastic matrix. The plateau between 400 and 600°C for all the specimens represents the fiber weight fraction after complete degradation of the Elium® resin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing pseudo‐ductility in carbon/glass fiber hybrid composites manufactured using infusible thermoplastic Elium® resin

Khan¹,

Ali²,

Irfan³

et al. 2022

Polymer Composites

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In this study, two different type of glass and carbon fiber hybrid laminates were manufactured using a low-viscosity thermoplastic resin that is, Elium ® .A detailed microstructure visualization study was conducted using X-ray computed tomography (XCT) analysis. The viscoelastic properties were examined through dynamic mechanical analysis. The mechanical performance was investigated through flexural and tensile tests along with a fractographic study using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The XCT analysis revealed a weak interface between the Elium ® resin and the glass fabric, with glass fiber specimens exhibiting a void content of 1.24%, in contrast to the carbon fiber specimens which showed void content of only 0.28%. Therefore, adding glass fabric layers in the hybrid laminates increased the void content, which had a negative impact on the overall mechanical performance. The average flexural strength of the hybrid specimen having G 2 C 4 G 2 stacking sequence was observed to be 254% higher than pure GFRPC specimens. Similarly, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the same hybrid specimen showed 155% and 380% increases, respectively, compared to the GFRPC specimens. This increase was primarily due to higher stiffness of the carbon fibers and their better fiber matrix interface. Whereas the tensile strain of the hybrid specimen having G 3 C 2 G 3 stacking sequence was 37% higher than that of the CFRPC specimens.The SEM images highlighted fiber fracture and brittle failure modes in the carbon fiber specimens, in contrast to fiber pullout, interfacial failure, poor fibermatrix bonding and ductile failure modes in the glass fiber specimens.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing pseudo‐ductility in carbon/glass fiber hybrid composites manufactured using infusible thermoplastic Elium® resin

Khan¹,

Ali²,

Irfan³

et al. 2022

Polymer Composites

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“…applications, casings for aero-engines, etc. [ 9 , 225 , 226 , 227 ]. However, further studies related to self-healing PMCs are required to investigate the effects of size and healing content on the performance of self-healing coating for various applications [ 228 , 229 , 230 ].…”

Section: Fiber-reinforced Epoxy Self-healing Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, self-healing materials can repair damage caused due to outside environment and increase the lifetime of the components. One key application of self-healing materials is to repair dynamic damage and maintain impact resistance [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of cracks in materials reduces the mechanical properties, hence self-healing can be used to recover mechanical characteristics by healing the cracks. Nevertheless, it has been reported that filling and restoring even small pinholes irrespective of cracks is possible to improve the mechanical performance of materials [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Review of Self-Healing Polymer, Metal, and Ceramic Matrix Composites and Their Modeling Aspects for Aerospace Applications

et al. 2022

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Composites can be divided into three groups based on their matrix materials, namely polymer, metal and ceramic. Composite materials fail due to micro cracks. Repairing is complex and almost impossible if cracks appear on the surface and interior, which minimizes reliability and material life. In order to save the material from failure and prolong its lifetime without compromising mechanical properties, self-healing is one of the emerging and best techniques. The studies to address the advantages and challenges of self-healing properties of different matrix materials are very limited; however, this review addresses all three different groups of composites. Self-healing composites are fabricated to heal cracks, prevent any obstructed failure, and improve the lifetime of structures. They can self-diagnose their structure after being affected by external forces and repair damages and cracks to a certain degree. This review aims to provide information on the recent developments and prospects of self-healing composites and their applications in various fields such as aerospace, automobiles etc. Fabrication and characterization techniques as well as intrinsic and extrinsic self-healing techniques are discussed based on the latest achievements, including microcapsule embedment, fibers embedment, and vascular networks self-healing.

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“…Due to these properties, the applications of Elium ® can be limited. Some research has focussed on topics such as the development of insulation materials [ 35 ], introducing phase change materials into CFRPs [ 36 ] or crack healing [ 37 ] to discover new applications for this material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction of SWCNTs as a Method of Improvement of Electrical and Mechanical Properties of CFRPs Based on Thermoplastic Acrylic Resin

et al. 2023

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The aim of this research was to improve the electrical and mechanical properties of carbon-fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRP) based on thermoplastic acrylic resin ELIUM®, by introducing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) into their structure. The laminates were fabricated using the infusion technique of infiltrating the carbon fabric with the mixture of acrylic resin and SWCNTs. The addition of SWCNTs improved the electrical conductivity through the thickness of the laminate by several times compared to the laminate without modification. No defects or voids were observed in the structure of the fabricated nanocomposites. The introduction of SWCNTs into the CFRP structure increased the Young’s modulus, interlaminar shear strength and impact resistance. DMA analysis showed almost no change in the glass transition temperature of the fabricated SWCNT/CFRP nanocomposites compared to the reference laminate.

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Crack healing in infusible thermoplastic composite laminates

Cited by 21 publications

References 65 publications

Visualizing pseudo‐ductility in carbon/glass fiber hybrid composites manufactured using infusible thermoplastic Elium® resin

Visualizing pseudo‐ductility in carbon/glass fiber hybrid composites manufactured using infusible thermoplastic Elium® resin

A Comprehensive Review of Self-Healing Polymer, Metal, and Ceramic Matrix Composites and Their Modeling Aspects for Aerospace Applications

Introduction of SWCNTs as a Method of Improvement of Electrical and Mechanical Properties of CFRPs Based on Thermoplastic Acrylic Resin

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