CpG ODN, Toll Like Receptor (TLR)-9 Agonist, Inhibits Metastatic Colon Adenocarcinoma in a Murine Hepatic Tumor Model

Kim, Ik Yong; Yan, Xin; Tohme, Samer; Ahmed, Aqeel; Cordon‐Cardo, Carlos; Kumara, H. M. C. Shantha; Kim, Soo Ki; Whelan, Richard L.

doi:10.1016/j.jss.2010.12.021

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The tumor growth was inhibited, in addition, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were shown which all were dose dependent. Also CpG treatment was associated with lymphocytes and monocytes infiltration in parenchyma and liver nodules (Kim et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll like receptor signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer

Moradi‐Marjaneh

Hassanian

Fiuji

et al. 2018

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Toll like receptor (TLR) signaling is involved in activating innate and adaptive immune responses and plays a critical role in inflammation-induced diseases such as colorectal cancer (CRC). Dysregulation of this signaling pathway can result in disturbance of epithelial layer hemostasis, chronic inflammatory, excessive repair responses, and development of CRC. There is now substantial evidence for the benefit of targeting of this pathway in cancer treatment, and several agents have been approved, such as BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guérin), MPL (monophosphoryl lipid A) and imiquimod. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the different functions of TLRs on tumor cells and their application in cancer therapy with particular emphasis on recent preclinical and clinical research in treatment of CRC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll like receptor signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer

Moradi‐Marjaneh

Hassanian

Fiuji

et al. 2018

Journal Cellular Physiology

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“…In the common murine models of hepatic colon metastases, colorectal tumor cells are inoculated into the (i) liver parenchyma [16,17], (ii) the hepatic portal vein [18,19] (iii) the spleen [20–22], with or without successive splenectomy, or (iv) into a hemi-spleen that is removed thereafter [23,24]. Unfortunately, as these techniques of tumor inoculation require an a priori surgical procedure (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of surgical extent and sex on the hepatic metastasis of colon cancer

et al. 2013

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Purpose Extensive oncological surgeries were previously suggested to increase cancer recurrence rates. We herein studied the impact of different surgical procedures and sex on colorectal cancer liver metastasis, employing several tumor-inoculation approaches in BALB/c mice. Methods Experimental hepatic metastases of the syngeneic CT26 colorectal cancer line were induced either by intra-portal inoculation or intrasplenic inoculation, employing different tumor loads. Following intrasplenic inoculation, the entire spleen or an injected hemispleen were removed. Additionally, the magnitude of the surgical trauma accompanying the injection procedure was manipulated. Results Increasing the surgical trauma by adding laparotomy or extending the length of the surgery and hypothermia did not significantly affect the number of liver metastases or liver weight for any of the injection methods and tumor loads. The development of metastasis was significantly greater in males than in females under all conditions studied – a difference not explained by the direct effects of sex hormones on in vitro CT26 proliferation or vitality. Conclusion Concurring with less controlled clinical observations, the surgical extensiveness did not significantly affect CT26 hepatic metastasis, potentially due to a ceiling effect of the surgical trauma on the metastatic process. The sexual dimorphism observed for the CT26 metastasis should be investigated in the context of surgical stress and considering anti-CT26 immunoreactivity.

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“…miR-7 has been reported as a crucial mediator of lipid metabolism in the liver [30]. Downregulation of miR-7 is related to various cancer types [31][32][33]. In the liver, miR-7 was ascribed a role in tumor suppression [34,35] and a crucial mediator in the maintenance of lipid homeostasis [30].…”

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confidence: 99%

miR-7-5p Promotes Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation by Targeting Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4

Tian

Chen

Wang

et al. 2020

Gastroenterology Research and Practice

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Aims. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) is a key mediator that protects the liver from chronic injury. MicroRNA-7 (miR-7) is a tumor suppressor and associated with lipid homeostasis in the liver. This study was designed to examine the role of the miR-7-5p/FGFR4 axis in liver fibrogenesis. Methods. TargetScan was employed to predict microRNAs that targeted FGFR4 on the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR). miR-7-5p and FGFR4 expression in pathological liver tissues and LX-2 cells was determined using qRT-PCR and an immunoblotting assay. A dual-luciferase assay was conducted to validate the target prediction. A Cell Counting Lit-8 assay was performed to assess the proliferation ability of LX-2 cells. Hydroxyproline content in LX-2 cells was measured using a hydroxyproline assay. The expression of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation markers was examined using qRT-PCR and an immunoblotting assay. Results. FGFR4 was a putative target of miR-7-5p. In LX-2 cells, miR-7-5p targeted FGFR4 by binding to 3′-UTR. FGFR4 was downregulated, but miR-7-5p was markedly enhanced in the liver samples as the degree of liver fibrosis rose. miR-7-5p was negatively associated with FGFR4 expression in liver tissues. The miR-7-5p inhibitor blocked the lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation and activation of LX-2 cells, and FGFR4 overexpression inhibited LX-2 cell proliferation and activation triggered by miR-7-5p. Conclusion. miR-7-5p promotes HSC proliferation and activation by downregulating FGFR4.

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CpG ODN, Toll Like Receptor (TLR)-9 Agonist, Inhibits Metastatic Colon Adenocarcinoma in a Murine Hepatic Tumor Model

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

Toll like receptor signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer

Toll like receptor signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer

The impact of surgical extent and sex on the hepatic metastasis of colon cancer

miR-7-5p Promotes Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation by Targeting Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4

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