COX-2 activity and expression pattern during regenerative wound healing of tail in lizard Hemidactylus flaviviridis

Artemisinin Attenuates Amyloid-Induced Brain Inflammation and Memory Impairments by Modulating TLR4/NF-κB Signaling

“…Our results showed that Artemisinin treatment significantly reduced Aβ 1–42 -induced ROS and iNOS production ( Figure 2 A–C). ROS is an important mediator of COX-2 expression [ 26 ]. Therefore, we also used Western blotting to detect the expression of COX2 and iNOS.…”

A Critical Review on the Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Opioid Drugs Used in Reptiles

“…Furthermore, the expression of COX enzymes in reptiles are only known for yellow-bellied geckos ( Buch et al., 2018 ; Buch et al., 2017 ), eastern box turtles ( Royal et al., 2012 ) and ball pythons ( Sadler et al., 2016 ), while the types of opioid receptors present in reptiles are only known for freshwater turtles ( Xia & Haddad, 2001 ) and ball pythons ( Kharbush et al., 2017 ). Mechanistic studies to identify COX enzyme expression and opioid receptors and investigate the interactions between the NSAID and opioid drugs and the various COX enzymes and opioid receptors in reptiles should be performed to aid more accurate drug selection for treatment.…”

“…However, in the eastern box turtles, COX-2 expression was higher in inflamed than non-inflamed tissue by two-fold although it was not considered significant ( Royal et al., 2012 ). In addition, a conflicting trend was observed for COX-2 expression in yellow-belly geckos such that COX-2 gene and protein expression, and even COX-2 activity was significantly upregulated during inflammation post-amputation of their tails compared to their resting tails ( Buch et al., 2018 ; Buch et al., 2017 ).…”

“… N.R. Reference ( Buch et al., 2018 ) ( Buch et al., 2017 ) ( Royal et al., 2012 ) ( Sadler et al., 2016 ) ( Sadler et al., 2016 ) a Referring to COX expression or activity during inflammation in comparison to normal conditions. b Four suffered from head trauma, while one suffered from maggot infestation which led to amputation N.R., not reported.…”

“…Neurotransmitters, essential in mammalian pain modulation, have also been identified in the Iberian wall lizard ( De la Iglesia et al., 1994 ). Additionally, cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme expression of ball pythons, eastern box turtles and yellow-belly geckos have been studied ( Buch et al., 2018 ; Buch et al., 2017 ; Royal et al., 2012 ; Sadler et al., 2016 ). Mu- and delta-opioid receptors have also been identified in turtles ( Xia & Haddad, 2001 ), and mu-opioid receptors in ball pythons ( Kharbush et al., 2017 ).…”