COVID-19 Vaccinations: A Comprehensive Review of Their Safety and Efficacy in Special Populations

Yan, Zhipeng; Yang, Ming; Lai, Ching–Lung

doi:10.3390/vaccines9101097

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…Using an integrated psychosocial model informed by relevant theoretical and empirical work, the study findings indicated that both individual and social factors are critical determinants of vaccine hesitancy (own decision) as well as hesitancy when making decision for children's vaccination, but specific predictors differed. Adult vaccine hesitancy was driven by vaccination beliefs [i.e., necessity of the vaccine, vaccine benefits for self and wider community (moral norm)], social/peer influence (subjective norms) and living with people in poor health, which were in line with prior work [29,37,39,65].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…As individuals in poor health are at higher risk for poor prognosis if infected with COVID-19 [65], their vulnerability could have invoked an increased sense of responsibility and accountability in people living with them, resulting in increased willingness to receive the vaccine. Relatedly, collective responsibility as reflected in moral norms was also shown to be associated with lower odds of hesitancy, consistent with prior work [29,66].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating Rates and Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy for Adults and Children in the Singapore Population: Strengthening Our Community’s Resilience against Threats from Emerging Infections (SOCRATEs) Cohort

et al. 2021

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COVID-19 vaccines are crucial for achieving sufficient immunisation coverage to manage the pandemic, but vaccine hesitancy persists. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and determinants of vaccine hesitancy in adults and in parents for vaccinating their children using an integrated social cognition model. A community-based cohort in Singapore [N = 1623] completed a survey (wave 25) between June and July 2021 which measured their risk perceptions, distress, trust, vaccination beliefs, and vaccine intentions/behaviours. Results indicated low rates of hesitancy (9.9%) for own vaccination, with most concerns citing side effects, safety, and hasty development. Remaining respondents were vaccinated (69%) or intended to vaccinate (21%). The multivariable model (non-vaccinated respondents) indicated that, living with people in poor health, subjective norm, moral norm, benefits, and necessity of vaccination were associated with lower vaccine hesitancy (R2 Cox & Snell: 51.4%; p < 0.001). Hesitancy rates were higher for children’s vaccination (15.9%), with male gender, lower perceived vaccine benefits, high COVID-19 risk perceptions, vaccination concerns, and necessity beliefs associated with higher odds of parental vaccine hesitancy (R2 Cox & Snell = 36.4%; p < 0.001). While levels of vaccine acceptance are high, more targeted messages are needed. For adults’ vaccination, more emphasis should be on benefits and social gains, while for parental hesitancy, messages related to safety should be prioritised.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Rates and Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy for Adults and Children in the Singapore Population: Strengthening Our Community’s Resilience against Threats from Emerging Infections (SOCRATEs) Cohort

et al. 2021

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“…Therefore, we must determine whether or not to administer the vaccine during the first trimester of the pregnancy or the second and third trimesters. The rationale behind second and third trimester vaccination can be the potential to pass antibodies from the mother to the fetus, thus causing passive immunity in the child after delivery [69,71]. It is now an important determination considering the clinical trials in children under five are ongoing, and the results are pending.…”

Section: Vaccination and Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy as a Risk Factor of Severe COVID-19

Celewicz

Michalczyk

et al. 2021

JCM

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Since first being identified in December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as an etiological agent behind Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), has caused three waves of a global pandemic, with a fourth in progress. Despite its high percentage of asymptomatic and low-symptomatic courses of illness, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has claimed a higher death toll than the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV epidemics because of its high infectivity when compared to the other coronaviruses. High COVID-19 mortality is associated with age and other coexisting morbidities, as well as healthcare quality. According to several studies, pregnant women are at a higher risk of severe COVID-19 infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes (caesarean delivery, pre-term birth, low birth weight, preeclampsia, ICU admission, and need for mechanical ventilation). In our review of recent literature, we focused on the effects of COVID-19 in pregnant women, emphasizing the subcellular pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2. In this paper, we concentrate on the pathophysiology of sub-cellular changes in COVID-19 and endeavor to highlight the aspects that manifest in physiological pregnancy and potentially create a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and acute COVID-19 symptoms. Understanding how pregnancy-associated changes can cause a synergistic effect with COVID-19 may point us in the right direction for future prophylaxis and treatment for women undergoing COVID-19 during pregnancy.

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“…Elderly and immunocompromised patients are at higher risk of mortality 1 . Among kidney transplant recipients the mortality rate was reported 10–40%, and the adjusted odds ratio for in‐patient death in kidney transplant recipients was 3.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.323–4.36) 2–3 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Among kidney transplant recipients the mortality rate was reported 10-40%, and the adjusted odds ratio for in-patient death in kidney transplant recipients was 3.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.323-4.36). [2][3] Effective vaccination raises anticipation to control the pandemic. Different vaccine platforms have been developed, including mRNA, viral vector, protein subunit, and whole-cell inactivated virus vaccines, with a wide range of reported efficacy in the general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral immunity of BBIBP‐CorV (Sinopharm) in kidney transplant recipients: Is it time to revise vaccination strategies

Nafar

Chehrazi

Dalili

et al. 2022

Transplant Infectious Dis

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Background:The mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is high in transplant patients, and effective vaccination is aimed to reduce severe disease and mortality. Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate humoral and cellular response to two 4-μg doses of BBIBP-CorV vaccine in 100 kidney transplant recipients, using anti-spike IgG, total anti-receptor-binding domain, neutralizing antibody (Ab) level (enzyme-linked immunoassay), and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA).Results: Seroconversion was evaluated 85.84 ± 30.72 days after the second dose. Note that, 58% of all and 43.05% of infection-naïve participants have developed at least one of the tested antibodies. IGRA was positive in 30.7% of tested transplant recipients.Sixty percent of the participants had either humoral or cellular responses to COVID-19. Only age was independently linked to seropositivity of any degree after vaccination (p < .05). COVID-naïve patients older than 60 years developed significantly less neutralizing Abs. (p = .011). Six patients developed mild COVID infection more than a month after the second dose of the vaccine (54.5 ± 20.8 days). No vaccine-related adverse effects were reported, except self-limited mild to moderate fever and injection site pain. Conclusion:BBIBP-CorV vaccine can be used safely in kidney transplant recipients, although impaired cellular and humoral immunity necessitate adjustments in vaccination strategies, like higher (8-μg doses), fourth booster dose, or boost with different platform vaccine.

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COVID-19 Vaccinations: A Comprehensive Review of Their Safety and Efficacy in Special Populations

Cited by 32 publications

References 156 publications

Evaluating Rates and Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy for Adults and Children in the Singapore Population: Strengthening Our Community’s Resilience against Threats from Emerging Infections (SOCRATEs) Cohort

Evaluating Rates and Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy for Adults and Children in the Singapore Population: Strengthening Our Community’s Resilience against Threats from Emerging Infections (SOCRATEs) Cohort

Pregnancy as a Risk Factor of Severe COVID-19

Humoral immunity of BBIBP‐CorV (Sinopharm) in kidney transplant recipients: Is it time to revise vaccination strategies

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