COVID-19 infection and vaccines: potential triggers of Herpesviridae reactivation

Navarro‐Bielsa, Alba; Gracia‐Cazaña, Tamara; Aldea-Manrique, Beatriz; Abadías‐Granado, Isabel; Ballano, Adrián; Bernad, Isabel; Gilaberte, Yolanda

doi:10.1016/j.abd.2022.09.004

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Since the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, a strong correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination and herpesvirus co-infection/reactivation has been reported 255 . To date the reactivation of eight human herpesviruses (HHVs) have been identified, including Herpes Simplex Virus types 1 (HSV‐1) and 2 (HSV‐2), Varicella‐Zoster Virus (VZV or HHV‐3), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV or HHV‐4), Cytomegalovirus (HCMV or HHV‐5), HHV‐6, HHV‐7, and Kaposi’s Sarcoma‐associated Herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV‐8).…”

Section: Lon-covid/pasc: Virus-induced Human Metabolic Reprogramming ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision nutrition to reset virus-induced human metabolic reprogramming and dysregulation (HMRD) in long-COVID

Naidu,

Wang,

Rao

et al. 2024

npj Sci Food

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SARS‐CoV‐2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, is devoid of any metabolic capacity; therefore, it is critical for the viral pathogen to hijack host cellular metabolic machinery for its replication and propagation. This single-stranded RNA virus with a 29.9 kb genome encodes 14 open reading frames (ORFs) and initiates a plethora of virus–host protein–protein interactions in the human body. These extensive viral protein interactions with host-specific cellular targets could trigger severe human metabolic reprogramming/dysregulation (HMRD), a rewiring of sugar-, amino acid-, lipid-, and nucleotide-metabolism(s), as well as altered or impaired bioenergetics, immune dysfunction, and redox imbalance in the body. In the infectious process, the viral pathogen hijacks two major human receptors, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2 and/or neuropilin (NRP)-1, for initial adhesion to cell surface; then utilizes two major host proteases, TMPRSS2 and/or furin, to gain cellular entry; and finally employs an endosomal enzyme, cathepsin L (CTSL) for fusogenic release of its viral genome. The virus-induced HMRD results in 5 possible infectious outcomes: asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe to fatal episodes; while the symptomatic acute COVID-19 condition could manifest into 3 clinical phases: (i) hypoxia and hypoxemia (Warburg effect), (ii) hyperferritinemia (‘cytokine storm’), and (iii) thrombocytosis (coagulopathy). The mean incubation period for COVID-19 onset was estimated to be 5.1 days, and most cases develop symptoms after 14 days. The mean viral clearance times were 24, 30, and 39 days for acute, severe, and ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients, respectively. However, about 25–70% of virus-free COVID-19 survivors continue to sustain virus-induced HMRD and exhibit a wide range of symptoms that are persistent, exacerbated, or new ‘onset’ clinical incidents, collectively termed as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or long COVID. PASC patients experience several debilitating clinical condition(s) with >200 different and overlapping symptoms that may last for weeks to months. Chronic PASC is a cumulative outcome of at least 10 different HMRD-related pathophysiological mechanisms involving both virus-derived virulence factors and a multitude of innate host responses. Based on HMRD and virus-free clinical impairments of different human organs/systems, PASC patients can be categorized into 4 different clusters or sub-phenotypes: sub-phenotype-1 (33.8%) with cardiac and renal manifestations; sub-phenotype-2 (32.8%) with respiratory, sleep and anxiety disorders; sub-phenotype-3 (23.4%) with skeleto-muscular and nervous disorders; and sub-phenotype-4 (10.1%) with digestive and pulmonary dysfunctions. This narrative review elucidates the effects of viral hijack on host cellular machinery during SARS-CoV-2 infection, ensuing detrimental effect(s) of virus-induced HMRD on human metabolism, consequential symptomatic clinical implications, and damage to multiple organ systems; as well as chronic pathophysiological sequelae in virus-free PASC patients. We have also provided a few evidence-based, human randomized controlled trial (RCT)-tested, precision nutrients to reset HMRD for health recovery of PASC patients.

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Section: Lon-covid/pasc: Virus-induced Human Metabolic Reprogramming ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision nutrition to reset virus-induced human metabolic reprogramming and dysregulation (HMRD) in long-COVID

Naidu,

Wang,

Rao

et al. 2024

npj Sci Food

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Thus, the exact link between vaccination and cutaneous AE has not been elucidated. Of interest, viral reactivations (e.g., EBV reactivation, other herpesviruses) have also been reported in a minority of cases following COVID-19 vaccination [ 258 , 259 , 260 , 261 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination on Inflammatory Skin Disorders and Other Cutaneous Diseases: A Review of the Published Literature

Fabbrocini

Battista

Ruggiero

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Background: Four vaccines have been authorized by the European Medicines Agency (EMA): viral vector-based vaccines (AstraZeneca; AZD1222 and Johnson & Johnson; Ad26.COV2. and 2 mRNA-based vaccines (Pfizer/BioNTech; BNT162b2 and Moderna; mRNA-1273). Adverse events (AEs) related to vaccination have been described in the literature. The main aim of the dermatological practice was to avoid the diffusion of COVID-19, allowing the continuity of care for patients. Objective: The aim of this review article is to investigate current literature regarding cutaneous reactions following COVID-19 vaccination, mainly inflammatory dermatological diseases. Materials and methods: Investigated manuscripts included metanalyses, reviews, letters to the editor, real-life studies, case series, and reports. Results: We selected a total of 234 articles involving more than 550 patients. We have divided the results section into various sub-sections to ensure greater understanding for readers. Conclusions: Clinicians should keep in mind the possibility of new onsets or the worsening of several dermatoses following vaccination in order to promptly recognize and treat these AEs. Certainly, vaccination should not be discouraged.

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“…Like the SARS-CoV-2 virus, HHVs attach to the host cell, specifically to the binding receptors of the host cells via several viral glycoproteins [163,169]. Human herpes viruses (HHV) belong to the Herpesviridae family, which includes three subfamilies: herpes simplex virus (type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2)), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human cytomegalovirus (CMV) [170]. They are characterized as infectious double-stranded DNA viruses that periodically reactivate in the human body and can cause a wide range of clinical symptoms and diseases, including cancer.…”

Section: Covid-19: Treatment and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Complications: Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial and Endothelial Dysfunction

Georgieva,

Ananiev,

Yovchev

et al. 2023

IJMS

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SARS-CoV-2 infection, discovered and isolated in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, causes acute atypical respiratory symptoms and has led to profound changes in our lives. COVID-19 is characterized by a wide range of complications, which include pulmonary embolism, thromboembolism and arterial clot formation, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, multiorgan failure, and more. The disease has caused a worldwide pandemic, and despite various measures such as social distancing, various preventive strategies, and therapeutic approaches, and the creation of vaccines, the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) still hides many mysteries for the scientific community. Oxidative stress has been suggested to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, and determining free radical levels in patients with coronavirus infection may provide an insight into disease severity. The generation of abnormal levels of oxidants under a COVID-19-induced cytokine storm causes the irreversible oxidation of a wide range of macromolecules and subsequent damage to cells, tissues, and organs. Clinical studies have shown that oxidative stress initiates endothelial damage, which increases the risk of complications in COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 or long-COVID-19 cases. This review describes the role of oxidative stress and free radicals in the mediation of COVID-19-induced mitochondrial and endothelial dysfunction.

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COVID-19 infection and vaccines: potential triggers of Herpesviridae reactivation

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

Precision nutrition to reset virus-induced human metabolic reprogramming and dysregulation (HMRD) in long-COVID

Precision nutrition to reset virus-induced human metabolic reprogramming and dysregulation (HMRD) in long-COVID

The Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination on Inflammatory Skin Disorders and Other Cutaneous Diseases: A Review of the Published Literature

COVID-19 Complications: Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial and Endothelial Dysfunction

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