COVID-19 in an Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) Infant with Congenital Heart Disease: Case Report and Literature Review

Elbehery, Mostafa; Munshi, Farid A; Alzahrani, Abdullah; Bakhsh, M Safa; Alariefy, Majied

doi:10.7759/cureus.10294

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Nevertheless, although the molecular evolution and mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 seems to be less than for influenza or SARS-CoV-1, special attention is needed as in other emergent diseases such as Zika Virus, a single mutation was enough to increase the Zika Virus neurotropism and increase the incidence of microcephaly in the Brazil outbreaks in 2015 [200,201]. Though there is no evidence to support frequent vertical transmission and teratogenic effects in the unborn child from infected patients, due to the increased risk of respiratory viral infections during pregnancy [202,203], the continuous molecular evolution of variants of SARS-CoV-2 [204], and the adverse outcomes of pregnancy such as preterm birth, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction [205][206][207], there is a consensus in the scientific community that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is worthy of special attention and further studies [208][209][210].…”

Section: Effects Of Sars-cov-2 In Human Reproduction After Conception...mentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2, Zika viruses and mycoplasma: Structure, pathogenesis and some treatment options in these emerging viral and bacterial infectious diseases

Ferreira

Santander

Savio

et al. 2021

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Diseas

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Section: Effects Of Sars-cov-2 In Human Reproduction After Conception...mentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2, Zika viruses and mycoplasma: Structure, pathogenesis and some treatment options in these emerging viral and bacterial infectious diseases

Ferreira

Santander

Savio

et al. 2021

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Diseas

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“…At the last follow up point, three patients were discharged and one was still hospitalized. [30][31][32][33] Bezerra et al reported that one female patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 infection after a Fontan procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Despite the patient was admitted to the ICU and experiencing multiple pulmonary combined with other complications, she was fully recovered and discharged.…”

Section: Overview Of Case Reports In the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of COVID-19 on congenital heart disease children: a literature review

Ali

Alkhuzaie

Alhashim

et al. 2021

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Congenital heart diseases are the most common birth defects and have variable levels of severity. Some studies showed that CHD increases the odds of COVID-19 realted complications; however, others suggested that there is no such a correlation. Due to the aforementioned lack of evidence, we aim in this review to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of COVID-19 infection on CHD patients. For that, an extensive literature search of Medline, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases was performed using the medical subject headings or a combination of all possible related terms. Patients diagnosed with both CHD and COVID-19 infection has reported that CHD patients, especially those with a genetic syndrome, are at high risk to develop moderate to severe symptoms. Moreover, CHD surgeries were postponed or even canceled, with a decline in overall admission days, due to hospital protocol or pateints’ decisions. Also, the findings suggested that congenital heart surgeries can be safely done during the pandemic when there is case volume limitation, with the safety precautions are followed by both surgical staff and patients. In conclusion, the scarce evidence along with the variety in CHD types and their different clinical presentations; makes it hard to predict the outcomes and to manage CHD-COVID-19 co-morbid children. More studies are needed to guide management plans in this particular context.

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“…Specifically, 7 million cardiovascular (CV)‐related deaths in adulthood occur each year due to growth restriction in early life (Baum et al., 2003 ). The COVID‐19 pandemic has reduced food availability, and worsened dietary practices, which likely increases the prevalence of postnatal growth restriction (PGR) (Elbehery et al., 2020 ; Jafri et al., 2021 ). Therefore, the health outcomes of growth restriction are relevant to the current CV health crisis facing the world today.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postnatal growth restriction alters myocardial mitochondrial energetics in mice

Visker,

Leszczynski,

Wellette‐Hunsucker

et al. 2024

Experimental Physiology

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Postnatal growth restriction (PGR) can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) potentially due to impairments in oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) within cardiomyocyte mitochondria. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if PGR impairs cardiac metabolism, specifically OxPhos. FVB (Friend Virus B‐type) mice were fed a normal‐protein (NP: 20% protein), or low‐protein (LP: 8% protein) isocaloric diet 2 weeks before mating. LP dams produce ∼20% less milk, and pups nursed by LP dams experience reduced growth into adulthood as compared to pups nursed by NP dams. At birth (PN1), pups born to dams fed the NP diet were transferred to LP dams (PGR group) or a different NP dam (control group: CON). At weaning (PN21), all mice were fed the NP diet. At PN22 and PN80, mitochondria were isolated for respirometry (oxygen consumption rate, ) and fluorimetry (reactive oxygen species emission, ) analysis measured as baseline respiration (LEAK) and with saturating ADP (OxPhos). Western blotting at PN22 and PN80 determined protein abundance of uncoupling protein 3, peroxiredoxin‐6, voltage‐dependent anion channel and adenine nucleotide translocator 1 to provide further insight into mitochondrial function. ANOVAs with the main effects of diet, sex and age with α‐level of 0.05 was set a priori. Overall, PGR (7.8 ± 1.1) had significant (P = 0.01) reductions in respiratory control in complex I when compared to CON (8.9 ± 1.0). In general, our results show that PGR led to higher electron leakage in the form of free radical production and reactive oxygen species emission. No significant diet effects were found in protein abundance. The observed reduced respiratory control and increased ROS emission in PGR mice may increase risk for CVD in mice.

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COVID-19 in an Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) Infant with Congenital Heart Disease: Case Report and Literature Review

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

SARS-CoV-2, Zika viruses and mycoplasma: Structure, pathogenesis and some treatment options in these emerging viral and bacterial infectious diseases

SARS-CoV-2, Zika viruses and mycoplasma: Structure, pathogenesis and some treatment options in these emerging viral and bacterial infectious diseases

Effect of COVID-19 on congenital heart disease children: a literature review

Postnatal growth restriction alters myocardial mitochondrial energetics in mice

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