COVID‐19 and informal work: Evidence from 11 cities

Chen, Martha; Grapsa, Erofili; Ismail, Ghida; Rogan, Mike; Valdivia, Marcela; Alfers, Laura; Harvey, Jenna; Ogando, Ana Carolina; Reed, Sarah Orleans; Roever, Sally

doi:10.1111/ilr.12221

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Poverty, which has not been substantially reduced in recent years, increased dramatically with the current health crisis, reaching 30.1%, which means an increase of 9.9% between 2019 and 2020 (11). In addition to these economic indicators, the Peruvian economy is characterized by its high informality, which reaches 69.2% (35). In relation to employment, a study conducted in the southern region of the country showed that 39% of households would have lost at least one job during the pandemic (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food insecurity associated with self-reported mental health outcomes in Peruvian households during the COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2022

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BackgroundThe global pandemic of COVID-19 and the social distancing efforts implemented worldwide to limit its spread have disrupted the economy, increased food insecurity, and mental health problems.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the association between food insecurity and mental health outcomes (stress, depression, and anxiety) in Peruvian households during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional investigation was conducted with 525 participants of both sexes (68% women), over 18 years of age and from the three geographic regions of Peru: Coast (54.9%), Highlands (28.4%), and Jungle (16.8%). The data were collected during the year 2021, between July 6 and September 22 through a self-administered online survey designed to assess socio-demographic, socioeconomic, food insecurity, and mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, and stress).ResultsThe majority of households (71.4%) experienced some degree of food insecurity. Mild food insecurity was the most frequent, affecting 49.1%, followed by moderate 15.4%, and severe 6.9%. Regarding mental health outcomes, 24.8% manifested depression, 26.7% anxiety, and 15.3% stress. With respect to the association between the level of food insecurity and anxiety, this was highly significant (p < 0.01). Households with mild, moderate and severe food insecurity are 2.04, 4.5, and 10.44 times, respectively, more likely to have moderate-severe anxiety. On the other hand, the mild food insecurity was not associated with moderate-severe depression. In contrast, households with moderate and severe food insecurity are 2.8 and 5.7 times, respectively, more likely to have moderate-severe depression. Finally, households with moderate food insecurity are 5.9 times more likely to have moderate-severe stress, and households with severe food insecurity are 8.5 times more likely to have moderate-severe stress, both having a highly significant association (p < 0.01).ConclusionIn conclusion, during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru, household food insecurity was independently associated with worse mental health outcomes. Monitoring of both food insecurity and mental health will be important as the COVID-19 pandemic continues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food insecurity associated with self-reported mental health outcomes in Peruvian households during the COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2022

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“…This pair of findings suggests that the impression of income stability has a crucial role in guiding the mitigation actions of workers and firms. In addition, informal labor is more likely to require a greater number of bailouts, such as credit aids, to maintain their living necessities and businesses' viability during times of financial hardship (Chen et al, 2022;ILO, 2020;Kumar, Mishra, Sonkar, & Saroj, 2020). The financial help can boost their output and increase their chances of survival in a generally economically susceptible sector (Brunnermeier & Krishnamurthy, 2020;Malik et al, 2020;Yue, Korkmaz, Yin, & Zhou, 2021).…”

Section: Financial Assetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adapting to the new normal: A sustainable livelihood framework for the informal sectors during COVID‐19

Nguyen‐Anh

Leu

Nguyen‐Thi‐Phuong

et al. 2023

Review Development Economics

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The extraordinary COVID-19 outbreak has heightened the existential dangers to the informal sector. This study explores the informal sector's tactics in Vietnam for mitigating the pandemic's effects and better adapting to the new normal. Using a sustainable livelihood approach (SLA) and multivariate model for ordered choices (MVOC) to conduct surveys on 513 subjects from the informal labor, our findings indicate that financial management is the most prevalent technique for mitigating the effects of COVID-19. Notably, the perception of the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on income and health is crucial to the adoption of mitigation efforts. The Vietnamese government, State Bank, and financial institutions should provide more help to the informal sector, particularly those operating in remote locations so that they can increase their resilience through mitigating measures. In parallel, the informal sector should participate in more deliberate forward mitigation planning in the anticipation of inevitable future shocks.

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“…The lockdown measures taken across the world in March and April 2020 prevented most informal workers from leaving their homes to engage in paid work. Data from the global WIEGO-led study show that among the four sectors, home-based workers (who are predominantly women), somewhat ironically, were the least able to work and the slowest to recover as a result of a lack of jobs or work orders from employers and their contractors, and fluctuations in demand, supply, prices, and other factors in the supply chain (Chen et al 2022).…”

Section: Unpaid Care Work Informal Work and Crisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic and unpaid care work on informal workers' livelihoods

Ogando¹,

Rogan

Moussié³

2022

International Labour Review

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The COVID‐19 pandemic has led to a health, economic and care crisis for all workers including those in the informal economy. This article draws on data from the first round of a mixed‐methods longitudinal study conducted (in June 2020) by the research advocacy network Women in Informal Employment Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO) in partnership with informal workers’ organizations in 12 cities. It assesses the impact of the multidimensional crisis on care responsibilities and the resulting effect on livelihoods and food security. A gendered analysis of paid work and unpaid care work sheds light on the unique features of the current ‘pandemic recession's’ impact on the world's labour force.

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COVID‐19 and informal work: Evidence from 11 cities

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

Food insecurity associated with self-reported mental health outcomes in Peruvian households during the COVID-19 pandemic

Food insecurity associated with self-reported mental health outcomes in Peruvian households during the COVID-19 pandemic

Adapting to the new normal: A sustainable livelihood framework for the informal sectors during COVID‐19

Impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic and unpaid care work on informal workers' livelihoods

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