COVID-19 and geographical area of origin

Crespillo-Andújar, Clara; Pérez‐Molina, José A.; Comeche, Belén; Chamorro, Sandra; Monge‐Maíllo, Begoña; Moreno-Guillén, Santiago; López‐Vélez, Rogelio; Vizcarra, Pilar; Norman, Francesca; Crespillo, Clara; Monge, Begoña; Moreno, Santiago; Pérez-Elías, María Jesús; Fortün, Jesús; Navas, Enrique; Quereda, Carmen; Dronda, Fernando; Campo, Santos del; Reinoso, Javier Cobo; Casado, José Luis; Moreno, Ana González; Martín-Dávila, Pilar; Hermida, José Manuel; Pintado, Vicente; Serrano‐Villar, Sergio; Sánchez-Conde, Matilde; Escudero, Rosa; Gioia, Francesca; Herrera, Sabina; Ron, Raquel; Martínez-Sanz, Javier; Pons-Guillén, Mario; Vivancos, María Jesús

doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2020.11.011

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The influence of Latin American origins in the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections is controversial [ 13 ]. The CDC registers report that Latin Americans could be disproportionately represented among deaths attributed to COVID-19 [ 6 ] or have a more severe form of the illness [ 9 ], corroborating data from other studies in which COVID-19 fatalities in this sub-population could be around 1.5–2 times higher [ 1 , 4 , 7 ] than among Caucasians, although this finding is not consistent across all studies [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…In Spain, which features a homogeneous national public healthcare system, Norman et al [ 9 ] conducted a retrospective analysis of 2345 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infections, and, after adjusting by race/gender, showed that there were no significant differences in mortality between Europeans and non-Europeans (mainly Latin Americans (91%))(OR 1.27, 95% CI: 0.86–1.88). However, an increase in ICU admission rates was found in non-Europeans (OR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.03–1.98).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In large cities, such as Denver or New York, the proportion of deaths among Latin Americans almost doubled during the first months of the pandemic [ 7 , 8 ]. Finally, some European studies have also described more intensive care unit (ICU) admissions [ 9 ] or higher mortality rates among non-European people [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Latin American Origin Is Not Associated with Worse Outcomes among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in a Public Healthcare System

et al. 2021

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Exploring differences in clinical outcomes based on race and origin among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 is a controversial issue. The ALC COVID-19 Registry includes all confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital from 3 March 2020 to 17 December 2020. The data were obtained from electronic health records in order to evaluate the differences in the clinical features and outcomes among European and Latin American patients. The follow-ups occurred after 156 days. A propensity score weighting (PSW) logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR, 95% CI) for Latin American origin and outcome associations. Of the 696 patients included, 46.7% were women, with a median age of 65 (IQR 53–67) years, 614 (88.2%) were European, and 82 (11.8%) were Latin American. Latin American patients were younger, with fewer comorbidities, and a higher incidence of extensive pneumonia. After adjusting for residual confounders, Latin American origin was not associated with an increased risk of death (PSW OR 0.85 (0.23–3.14)) or with the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (PSW OR 0.35 (0.12–1.03)). Latin American origin was associated with a shorter hospital stay, but without differences in how long the patient remained on mechanical ventilation. In a public healthcare system, the rates of death or mechanical ventilation in severe COVID-19 cases were found to be comparable between patients of European and Latin American origins.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Latin American Origin Is Not Associated with Worse Outcomes among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in a Public Healthcare System

et al. 2021

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“…The ndings of two previous studies of Spanish and immigrant COVID-19 patients hospitalised in Spain (including a majority of immigrants from Latin America) are different: one did not nd any signi cant difference in mortality between patients of European and non-European origin [12], and the other found that mortality was actually lower among the immigrants [11]. The foreign-born patients in these studies had similar demographic characteristics to those of our immigrant patients, but the lack of additional information concerning the clinical drivers of COVID-19 outcomes (such disease severity or the prevalence of obesity) makes it di cult to make a more detailed comparison.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…It has also been observed that immigrants are at greater risk of exposure and infection than native populations, probably because they often work in high-risk occupations, live in overcrowded accommodation, and face barriers to healthcare and prevention initiatives [9,10]. Some studies have found that immigrants with COVID-19 are also at increased risk of hospitalisation [9,10], but it is unclear whether this means that they are also at increased risk of COVID-19-related death [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Mortality Rate Among Latin American Immigrants With Covid-19 Hospitalised in Milan, Italy: Data From the Luigi Sacco Hospital Registry

Giacomelli

Ridolfo

Bonazzetti

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background To assess differences in the probability of COVID-19-related death between native Italians and immigrants hospitalised with COVID-19. Methods This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data conducted at the ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco Hospital in Milan, Italy, between 21 February and 31 November 2020. Uni- and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the impact of the patients' origin on the probability of COVID-19-related death. Results The study population consisted of 1,179 COVID-19 patients: 921 Italians (78.1%) and 258 immigrants (21.9%) from Latin America (99, 38.4%), Asia (72, 27.9%), Africa (50, 19.4%) and central/eastern Europe (37, 14.3%). The Italians were older (p < 0.001) and more frequently affected by co-morbidities (p < 0.001). Mortality was significantly greater among the Italians than the immigrants as a whole (26.6% vs 12.8%; p < 0.001), and significantly greater among the immigrants from Latin America than among those from Asia, Africa and central/eastern Europe (21.2% vs 8.3%, 6% and 8.1%, respectively; p = 0.016). Multivariate analyses showed that a Latin American origin was independently associated with an increased risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio 1.95, 95% confidence interval 1.17–3.23). Conclusions Our findings support the need to strengthen COVID-19 information and prevention initiatives in the Latin American community living in Milan.

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COVID-19 mortality and use of intensive care among ethnic minorities – a national register-based Danish population study

et al. 2023

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Migrants and ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic compared to the majority population. Therefore, we studied mortality and use of mechanical ventilation (MV) by country of birth and migrant status in a nationwide cohort in Denmark. Nationwide register data on all cases hospitalized for > 24-hours with COVID-19 between February 2020 and March 2021. Main outcome measures were mortality and MV within 30 days of hospitalization for COVID-19. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by region of origin and migrant status using logistic regression analyses, adjusting for age, sex, comorbidity and sociodemographic factors. Of 6,406 patients, 977 (15%) died and 342 (5%) were treated with mechanical ventilation. Immigrants (OR:0.55;95%CI: 0.44–0.70) and individuals of non-Western origin had a lower odds (OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.37–0.65) of death upon admission with COVID-19 compared to Danish born individuals. Immigrants and descendants (OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.22–2.15) as well as individuals of non-Western origin (OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.35–2.47) had a significantly higher odds of MV compared to Danish born individuals. Outcomes of individuals with Western origin did not differ. Immigrants and individuals of non-Western origin had a significantly lower COVID-19 associated mortality compared to individuals of Danish origin after adjustment for sociodemographic factors and comorbidity. In contrast, the odds of MV was higher for immigrants and individuals of non-Western origin compared to individuals of Danish origin.

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COVID-19 and geographical area of origin

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Latin American Origin Is Not Associated with Worse Outcomes among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in a Public Healthcare System

Latin American Origin Is Not Associated with Worse Outcomes among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in a Public Healthcare System

High Mortality Rate Among Latin American Immigrants With Covid-19 Hospitalised in Milan, Italy: Data From the Luigi Sacco Hospital Registry

COVID-19 mortality and use of intensive care among ethnic minorities – a national register-based Danish population study

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