COVID-19 and Gaza: The Ideal Time to Establish a Medical Reserve Corps of Public Health Preventive Medicine Specialists

Mahayosnand, Ponn P; Sabra, ZM; Sabra, DM

doi:10.1089/hs.2020.0192

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Considering for example childcare, across all samples, the respondents more likely to report the lowest level of tension in the household are those who share childcare, alongside those who report that their partner is mostly doing it and, only in the United States sample, those who outsource it. This observation aligns with the finding from a study in the United States that insufficient support with childcare has been a key driver of conflict amongst couples with young children during the lockdown ( Calarco et al, 2020 ). The respondents who report high levels of tensions vary by country.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Instantaneous anxiety, on average, is 19% higher among women than men in the Italy sample, and 12% higher among women relative to men in the United Kingdom and United States sample. 15 These findings align with those in the United Kingdom and United States indicating that women, and mothers in particular, experienced a markedly larger decline in wellbeing than men during the pandemic ( Zhou et al, 2020 ; Prados and Zamarro, 2021 ). When asking questions directly to children, we find that those with above-average assessments of their school, their teachers, how hard they work, and how well they perform consistently report higher wellbeing and instantaneous wellbeing than children with below-average assessments, as do those who report using social media less than an hour both during quarantine and before.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The specialization pattern we find, with women doing more of everything and men doing more shopping, is corroborated by a range of studies carried out during the crisis. In the United States, Carlson et al (2020) find that both parents report devoting more time to housework, with substantial increases in the sharing of both childcare (from 50 to 60%) and household tasks (from 38 to 53%). Such increases in sharing, however, are slightly disproportionate: in childcare, mothers do more of the homework supervision and fathers more of the playtime; in household tasks, fathers especially increased time devoted to grocery shopping.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Family Life in Lockdown

et al. 2021

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The lockdown imposed following the COVID-19 pandemic of spring 2020 dramatically changed the daily lives and routines of millions of people worldwide. We analyze how such changes contributed to patterns of activity within the household using a novel survey of Italian, British, and American families in lockdown. A high percentage report disruptions in the patterns of family life, manifesting in new work patterns, chore allocations, and household tensions. Though men have taken an increased share of childcare and grocery shopping duties, reallocations are not nearly as stark as disruptions to work patterns might suggest, and families having to reallocate duties report greater tensions. Our results highlight tightened constraints budging up against stable and gendered patterns of intra-household cooperation norms. While the long-run consequences of the COVID-19 lockdown on family life cannot be assessed at this stage, we point toward the likely opportunities and challenges.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Family Life in Lockdown

et al. 2021

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“…While Western childrearing norms focus on intensive parenting ( Faircloth, 2014 ), our results highlight that it still “takes a village” to raise children in high-income populations. Several studies from Europe and the United States have found that maternal domestic work and childcare increased during the COVID-19 pandemic ( Calarco et al, 2020 ; Del Boca et al, 2020 ; Prados and Zamarro, 2020 ; Zoch et al, 2020 ), suggesting that the burden of lockdown may have disproportionately impacted mothers. While our qualitative results suggest high partner involvement may have been associated with more positive experiences of lockdown, and a Canadian study found lockdown may have encouraged greater partner participation in domestic work and caregiving ( Shafer et al, 2020 ), overall, our results indicate that adequate support within the household was either not available or not enough for many mothers in our sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communication Across Maternal Social Networks During England’s First National Lockdown and Its Association With Postnatal Depressive Symptoms

Myers

Emmott

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Postnatal/postpartum depression (PND/PPD) had a pre-COVID-19 estimated prevalence ranging up to 23% in Europe, 33% in Australia, and 64% in America, and is detrimental to both mothers and their infants. Low social support is a key risk factor for developing PND. From an evolutionary perspective this is perhaps unsurprising, as humans evolved as cooperative childrearers, inherently reliant on social support to raise children. The coronavirus pandemic has created a situation in which support from social networks beyond the nuclear family is likely to be even more important to new mothers, as it poses risks and stresses for mothers to contend with; whilst at the same time, social distancing measures designed to limit transmission create unprecedented alterations to their access to such support. Using data from 162 mothers living in London with infants aged ≤6 months, we explore how communication with members of a mother’s social network related to her experience of postnatal depressive symptoms during the first “lockdown” in England. Levels of depressive symptoms, as assessed via the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, were high, with 47.5% of the participants meeting a ≥11 cut-off for PND. Quasi-Poisson regression modelling found that the number of network members seen in-person, and remote communication with a higher proportion of those not seen, was negatively associated with depressive symptoms; however, contact with a higher proportion of relatives was positively associated with symptoms, suggesting kin risked seeing mothers in need. Thematic qualitative analysis of open text responses found that mothers experienced a burden of constant mothering, inadequacy of virtual contact, and sadness and worries about lost social opportunities, while support from partners facilitated family bonding. While Western childrearing norms focus on intensive parenting, and fathers are key caregivers, our results highlight that it still “takes a village” to raise children in high-income populations and mothers are struggling in its absence.

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“…The COVID-19 pandemic exposes the need for public health preventive medicine (PHPM) physicians who provide primary care and digital health services. 1 The lack of public health education in Gaza causes its population, physicians included, to be unaware of the necessity of preventative medicine, especially during this pandemic. Strengthening healthcare infrastructure during this critical time will aid in the betterment of Gaza's overall health as public health policy and advocacy is one of the main responsibilities of PHPM specialists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%