Coverage Analysis of mmWave and THz-Enabled Aerial and Terrestrial Heterogeneous Networks

Abstract

Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are becoming a promising solution for future wireless systems to satisfy the high data rate requirements. This paper introduces a stochastic geometry framework for the analysis of the downlink coverage probability in a multi-tier HetNet consisting of macro-base station (MBS) operating at sub-6 GHz, millimeter wave (mmWave)enabled unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating at 28 GHz and small BSs operating both at mmWave and THz frequencies. The analytical expressions for the coverage probability for each tier have been derived in the paper, whereas Monte Carlo simulations are then performed to validate the analytical expressions. The effectiveness of the HetNet is analyzed on various performance metrics including association and coverage probabilities for different network parameters. It has been shown that the mmWave and THz-enabled cells provide significant improvement in the achievable data rates because of their high available bandwidths, however, they have a degrading effect on the coverage probability due to their high propagation losses.

Coexisting Terahertz and RF Finite Wireless Networks: Coverage and Rate Analysis

“…The work in [32] considers a THz-only network while accounting for the finite nature of the THz network and evaluates the performance of both central users and edge users. Another heterogeneous network consisting of macro BSs that operate at sub-6 GHz, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that operate at mmWave frequencies, and small BSs using both mmWave and THz communications is proposed in [33]. However, this work captures the impact of blockages on mmWave communications only and ignores it for THz communications.…”

“…Furthermore, since THz communication is very sensitive to the availability of LoS paths, the Rayleigh fading assumption is invalid and the small scale fading follows a Nakagami-m distribution instead. Nakagami-m fading has been used widely in the literature to model the small-scale fading of THz communications [26], [33], [36]. We use different path loss exponents and Nakagami-m parameters for THz LoS and NLoS transmissions (α L and m L for LoS links and α N and m N for NLoS links).…”

Stochastic Geometric Analysis of the Terahertz (THz)-mmWave Hybrid Network With Spatial Dependence

“…However, this user-centric dynamic BS clustering design can not capture the inter-tier attraction, which is more realistic for THz nodes. The THz-enabled unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) HetNet is investigated in [22], where all the tiers are modeled as independent PPPs. In general, all the previous works adopted the independent framework for the sake of tractability while ignoring the dependence between THz tier and low frequency tier.…”

A new connectivity model for unmanned aerial vehicle communications and flying height optimization

“…Many papers have used the probability of LoS models from References 9‐14 when addressing specific problems of UAV communications, including 4,15‐34 . As such, they all suffer from the inaccuracy of those models, from either making 1D geographical approximations or assuming totally randomised building location models.…”

“…Many papers have used the probability of LoS models from References 9-14 when addressing specific problems of UAV communications, including. 4,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] As such, they all suffer from the inaccuracy of those models, from either making 1D geographical approximations or assuming totally randomised building location models. In Reference 35, we presented a significantly more accurate probability of LoS model that can be applied in all of those applications.…”