Coupling between the open ocean and the coastal upwelling region off northwest Africa: water recirculation and offshore pumping of organic matter

Pelegrí, Josep Lluís; Arı́stegui, Javier; Cana, L.; González‐Dávila, Melchor; Hernández‐Guerra, Alonso; Hernández‐León, Santiago; Marrero-Díaz, Ángeles; Montero, María F.; Sangrà, Pablo; Santana-Casiano, J. Magdalena

doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2004.07.003

Cited by 179 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Chlorophyll a concentrations reported in the main upwelling area of the Cabo Frio region varied between 0.5 and 6.0 mg/m 3 (GONZALEZ-RODRIGUEZ et al, 1992;PEREIRA et al, 2009a) but a value of 21 mg/m3 was observed during a microalgae bloom in the Cabo Frio Embayment. These values are comparable with those found in shelf and coastal areas of the southern and eastern Pacific (MONTECINO et al, 2004;PENNINGTON et al, 2006).…”

Section: Physical-biological Interactions: Ecological Consequences Ofsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…While the thermocline in the Cabo Frio system usually oscillates around 12-14 m, in the Peruvian coastal upwelling it shoals to ≤ 40 m and both very often break the surface (PENNINGTON et al, 2006). The coldest temperature in the Cabo Frio region is around 13-14 °C, but it oscillates around 12-16°C in the Chilean upwelling system (MONTECINO et al, 2004).…”

Section: Physical-biological Interactions: Ecological Consequences Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nutrient concentrations are one of the main factors causing variability in the production of upwelling environments (GONZALEZ-RODRIGUEZ; MAESTRINI, 1984;ARNTZ et al, 2006;PENNINGTON et al, 2006;BAKUN;PATTI et al, 2008). SACW has a higher temperature and lower nutrient concentrations at Cabo Frio as compared to the water of the Benguela system, since nitrate values fall from 30 µM in the Benguela system (BROWN; FIELD, 1986) to as little as 18 µM in the Cabo Frio region (GONZALEZ-RODRIGUEZ et al, 1992).…”

Section: Physical-biological Interactions: Ecological Consequences Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary production in the Peru system is lower than in the northern Benguela area (BAKUN; WEEKS, 2008) but corresponds to around 0.5 % of global production with 0.4 Gt C yr -1 (PENNINGTON et al, 2006). The primary production in the surface waters of the Cabo Frio system is equivalent to that in the Peruvian coastal upwelling (GUENTHER et al, 2008).…”

Section: Physical-biological Interactions: Ecological Consequences Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sattelite images indicate that primary production is at its highest in the Benguela and Canary systems, being followed by the Humboldt and California regions, respectively (PENNINGTON et al, 2006). However, the marine ecosystem off Peru is the main producer of fish biomass, yielding more than 20 times the tonnage produced by other upwelling systems (BAKUN;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biophysical interactions in the Cabo Frio upwelling system, southeastern Brazil

et al. 2012

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A B S T R A C TThe rising of cold water from deeper levels characterizes coastal upwelling systems. This flow makes nutrients available in the euphotic layer, which enhances phytoplankton production and growth. On the Brazilian coast, upwelling is most intense in the Cabo Frio region (RJ). The basic knowledge of this system was reviewed in accordance with concepts of biophysical interactions. The high frequency and amplitude of the prevailing winds are the main factor promoting the rise of South Atlantic Central Water, but meanders and eddies in the Brazil Current as well as local topography and coast line are also important. Upwelling events are common during spring/summer seasons. Primary biomass is exported by virtue of the water circulation and is also controlled by rapid zooplankton predation. Small pelagic fish regulate plankton growth and in their turn are preyed on by predatory fish. Sardine furnishes an important regional fish stock. Shoreline irregularities define the embayment formation of the Marine Extractive Reserve of Arraial do Cabo making it an area with evident different intensities of upwelled water that harbors high species diversity. Consequently, on a small spatial scale there are environments with tropical and subtropical features, a point to be explored as a particularity of this ecosystem. R E S U M OOs sistemas costeiros de ressurgência são caracterizados pela ascensão de águas frias que tornam os nutrientes disponíveis na camada eufótica para o crescimento e aumento da produção fitoplanctônica. No Brasil, a região do Cabo Frio (RJ) é o principal sistema de ressurgência costeira. O objetivo desse artigo foi revisar o atual conhecimento desse sistema através dos conceitos sobre interações biofísicas. A ascensão da Água Central do Atlântico Sul ocorre devido à alta frequência e amplitude dos ventos, à presença de meandros e vórtices na Corrente do Brasil, além da topografia local e da linha de costa. Os eventos de ressurgência são comuns durante os períodos de primavera/verão e a biomassa primária é exportada devido à circulação da água, sendo também controlada pela rápida predação zooplanctônica. Os pequenos peixes pelágicos regulam o crescimento do plâncton e são consumidos pelos peixes predadores, resultando em um importante estoque pesqueiro regional. A irregularidade da costa define as enseadas do Cabo Frio, na Reserva Extrativista Marinha do Arraial do Cabo, apresentando distintas influências das águas ressurgidas e resultando em grande diversidade de espécies. Consequentemente, ambientes com características tropicais e subtropicais são observados dentro de uma pequena escala espacial, o que constitui uma particularidade desse ecossistema.

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Section: Physical-biological Interactions: Ecological Consequences Ofsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Physical-biological Interactions: Ecological Consequences Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical-biological Interactions: Ecological Consequences Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical-biological Interactions: Ecological Consequences Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biophysical interactions in the Cabo Frio upwelling system, southeastern Brazil

et al. 2012

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Geostrophic and ageostrophic circulation of a shallow anticyclonic eddy off Cape Bojador

et al. 2014

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A shallow mesoscale anticyclonic eddy, observed south of the Canary Islands with satellite altimetry, has been intensively studied with multiparametric sampling. Hydrographic data from a CTD installed on an undulating Nu-shuttle platform reveal the presence of a mesoscale anticyclonic eddy of $125 km diameter. The difference in sea level anomaly (SLA) between the interior and the edge of the eddy, as determined from altimetry, is $15 cm, which compares well with the maximum dynamic height differences as inferred using a very shallow reference level (130 m

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On the temporal memory of coastal upwelling off NW Africa

et al. 2014

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We use a combination of satellite, in situ, and numerical data to provide a comprehensive view of the seasonal coastal upwelling cycle off NW Africa in terms of both wind forcing and sea surface temperature (SST) response. Wind forcing is expressed in terms of both instantaneous (local) and time-integrated (nonlocal) indices, and the ocean response is expressed as the SST difference between coastal and offshore waters. The classical local index, the cross-shore Ekman transport, reproduces reasonably well the time-latitude distribution of SST differences but with significant time lags at latitudes higher than Cape Blanc. Two nonlocal indices are examined. One of them, a cumulative index calculated as the backward averaged Ekman transport that provides the highest correlation with SST differences, reproduces well the timing of the SST differences at all latitudes (except near Cape Blanc). The corresponding time lags are close to zero south of Cape Blanc and range between 2 and 4 months at latitudes between Cape Blanc and the southern Gulf of Cadiz. The results are interpreted based on calculations of spatial and temporal auto and cross correlations for wind forcing and SST differences. At temporal scales of 2-3 weeks, the alongshore advection of alongshore momentum compensates for interfacial friction, allowing the upwelling jet and associated frontal system to remain active. We conclude that the coastal jet plays a key role in maintaining the structure of coastal upwelling, even at times of relaxed winds, by introducing a seasonal memory to the system in accordance with the atmospheric-forcing annual cycle.

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Coupling between the open ocean and the coastal upwelling region off northwest Africa: water recirculation and offshore pumping of organic matter

Cited by 179 publications

References 87 publications

Biophysical interactions in the Cabo Frio upwelling system, southeastern Brazil

Biophysical interactions in the Cabo Frio upwelling system, southeastern Brazil

Geostrophic and ageostrophic circulation of a shallow anticyclonic eddy off Cape Bojador

On the temporal memory of coastal upwelling off NW Africa

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