Cost‐effectiveness analysis of immediate radical cystectomy versus intravesical Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin therapy for high‐risk, high‐grade (T1G3) bladder cancer

Abstract

Partially fluorinated poly(vinyl ether)s with C4F9 and C6F12H groups in the side chain were synthesized via living cationic polymerization in the presence of an added base in a fluorine‐containing solvent, dichloropentafluoropropanes. For comparison, the polymerization of vinyl ether monomers with C2F5 and C6F13 groups and nonfluorinated monomers were also carried out. The characterization of the product polymers using size exclusion chromatography with a fluorinated solvent as an eluent indicated that all polymers had narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn ∼ 1.1). Interestingly, the moderately fluorinated polymers with C4F9 exhibited upper critical solution temperature‐type phase separation in various organic solvents with wide‐ranging polarities, whereas highly fluorinated polymers with C6F13 are insoluble in nonfluorinated solvents. Polymers with C4F9 groups exhibited temperature dependent solubility transitions not only in common organic solvents (e.g., toluene, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, and acetone) but also in perfluoro solvents [e.g., perfluoro(methylcyclohexane) and perfluorodecalin]. On the other hand, the solubility of polymers with C6F12H showed completely different from that of polymers with C6F13, despite their similar fluorine content. In addition, various types of fluorinated block copolymers were prepared in a living manner. The block copolymers with a thermosensitive fluorinated segment underwent temperature‐induced micellization and sol–gel transition in various organic solvents. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011

The Health Economics of Bladder Cancer: An Updated Review of the Published Literature

“…Several recent CEAs consistently demonstrated that, for average patients with high-risk NMIBC, immediate radical cystectomy leads to better outcomes and lower costs than intravesical therapy [75,76].…”

“…A Markov model using the base case of a 60-year-old man showed that the probability of immediate cystectomy being cost effective was 67 %, from the perspective of the healthcare payer with a willingness-to-pay threshold of $CAD50,000 [76].…”

Optimization of Prostate Biopsy Referral Decisions

“…Since no estimates of utility decrement exist yet for prostate biopsy, this is an estimate based on a similar choice of parameters for a recent bladder cancer study for the occurrence of surveillance cystoscopy (Kulkarni et al 2009) and a breast cancer biopsy study (Chhatwal et al 2010). In our base case, the disutility of metastasis is γ = 0.24 (Bremner et al 2007).…”

A Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Management of Low-risk Non–muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Using Office-based Fulguration

“…Utility data for bladder cancer were obtained from similar previously published studies. 11,12 Costs and utilities were discounted at a rate of 2.26% based on the current 10-year AAA corporate bond yield. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated by dividing the difference in cost by the differences in QALYs for the 2 procedures.…”