Cost Analysis of Perovskite Tandem Photovoltaics

Li, Zongqi; Zhao, Yingzhi; Wang, Xi; Sun, Yuchao; Zhao, Zhiguo; Li, Yujing; Zhou, Huanping; Chen, Qi

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2018.05.001

Cited by 314 publications

(298 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…techno-economic analyses indicate that perovskite/silicon tandem photovoltaic (PV) modules can compete with traditional silicon PV in terms of dollar-per-Watt installed cost and levelized cost of electricity if the perovskite top cell is >20% efficient, costs less than approximately $50/m 2 , and has a lifetime and degradation rate comparable with that of silicon. 19,20 Different strategies have also been proposed to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells. [21][22][23][24][25][26] Several groups have reported efficient perovskite solar cells with bandgaps of 1.69-1.74 eV and PCEs of 16%-18%.…”

Section: Context and Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Grain Engineering for Perovskite/Silicon Monolithic Tandem Solar Cells with Efficiency of 25.4%

Chen

Kong

et al. 2019

Joule

368

319

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Grain engineering through combined MACl and MAH 2 PO 2 additives in perovskite precursors improves the photovoltaic performance of perovskite/silicon tandem cells. MACl increases the grain size of wide-bandgap perovskite films and also produces smooth films. MAH 2 PO 2 suppresses non-radiative recombination sites at grain boundaries. The synergetic effects of MACl and MAH 2 PO 2 further promote grain growth and prolong the carrier recombination lifetime. This enables a power conversion efficiency of 25.4% for a perovskite/silicon tandem device. SUMMARYOrganic-inorganic halide perovskites are promising semiconductors to mate with silicon in tandem photovoltaic cells due to their solution processability and tunable complementary bandgaps. Herein, we show that a combination of two additives, MACl and MAH 2 PO 2 , in the perovskite precursor can significantly improve the grain morphology of wide-bandgap (1.64-1.70 eV) perovskite films, resulting in solar cells with increased photocurrent while reducing the open-circuit voltage deficit to 0.49-0.51 V. The addition of MACl enlarges the grain size, while MAH 2 PO 2 reduces non-radiative recombination through passivation of the perovskite grain boundaries, with good synergy of functions from MACl and MAH 2 PO 2 . Matching the photocurrent between the two subcells in a perovskite/silicon monolithic tandem solar cell by using a bandgap of 1.64 eV for the top cell results in a high tandem V oc of 1.80 V and improved power conversion efficiency of 25.4%.

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Section: Context and Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Grain Engineering for Perovskite/Silicon Monolithic Tandem Solar Cells with Efficiency of 25.4%

Chen

Kong

et al. 2019

Joule

368

319

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“…

optoelectronic devices, a novel lowcost and highly efficient photovoltaic (PV) material emerged. [4] Moreover, the optoelectronic properties and the material stability can be engineered by varying the constituents in the perovskite crystal structure ABX 3 . [1] The material class of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites combines excellent optoelectronic properties, such as long diffusion lengths [2] and short absorption lengths, [3] with the ease of solution processing, low energy payback times, and low-cost precursor materials.

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coated and Printed Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications

et al. 2019

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optoelectronic devices, a novel lowcost and highly efficient photovoltaic (PV) material emerged. Only 10 years after the first reported perovskite solar cells (PSCs), power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) above 23% were certified, exceeding those of much longer established thin-film PV technologies, including organic photovoltaics (OPV) and inorganic thin-film PV based on copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) or cadmium telluride (CdTe). [1] The material class of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites combines excellent optoelectronic properties, such as long diffusion lengths [2] and short absorption lengths, [3] with the ease of solution processing, low energy payback times, and low-cost precursor materials. [4] Moreover, the optoelectronic properties and the material stability can be engineered by varying the constituents in the perovskite crystal structure ABX 3 . For example, the bandgap (E G ) can be tuned by changing the stoichiometric ratio of Br and I at the halogen anion site X. [5][6][7] In order to improve the stability of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites, compositional engineering of the cation site A was demonstrated to be successful via combining methylammonium (CH 3 NH 3 + or MA + ), formamidinium (CH 5 N 2 + or FA + ), Cs + , and Rb + ions in the so-called multi-cation perovskites. [8][9][10][11] Three key challenges hinder today the economical breakthrough of PSCs:Stability: First, the instability of PSCs against moisture, oxygen, light, and temperature limits the lifetime of PSCs to a fraction of the warranty lifetime (often >25 years) of the market dominating crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV. [12] Very respectable progress has been made over recent years to enhance the stability of PSCs by demonstrating stability over 1000 h, but significant further advances in terms of stability are needed to lift the technology to a level where it is ready to compete with, or be a bolt-on tandem companion to the current PV heavyweight of c-Si. A number of reviews cover recent developments on the topic of stability. [13][14][15][16][17] Toxicity: Second, highly efficient PSCs still contain lead, the toxicity of which hampers the acceptance of the technology and could conflict with legislative barriers. [18] Other recent reviews present progress with respect to this challenge. [19,20] Upscaling: Third, the upscaling of perovskite PV devices to commercial PV module sizes (>1 m 2 ) must be achieved. To date, the vast majority of research and development of PSCs is still Hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite semiconductors provide opportunities and challenges for the fabrication of low-cost thin-film photovoltaic devices. The opportunities are clear: the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of small-area perovskite photovoltaics has surpassed many established thin-film technologies. However, the large-scale solution-based deposition of perovskite layers introduces challenges. To form perovskite layers, precursor solutions are coated or printed and these must then be crystallized into the perovskite structur...

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“…In addition, FF of 2T tandem cell is relatively lower than those of individual subcells (Figures c and c, and Figure S12a, Supporting Information), and thus improving the interfacial properties between subcells to improve its FF over 80%, achieved in the individual device structures, are expected to further enhance the efficiency of 2T tandem cell, consequently toward over 30% efficiency comparable to that of InGaP/GaAs tandem with lower cost. Based on bottom‐up techno‐economical analysis from NREL (4.6 and 5.2 $ W −1 for GaAs single‐junction and InGaP/GaAs, respectively, in mid‐term estimation data), the over 30% efficiency perovskite/GaAs tandem approach is expected to have 0.6 and 1.2 $ W −1 cost‐benefit from GaAs single‐junction and InGaP/GaAs tandem PVs, respectively …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite/Gallium Arsenide Tandem Solar Cells

Kim

Han

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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Gallium arsenide (GaAs) photovoltaic (PV) cells have been widely investigated due to their merits such as thin‐film feasibility, flexibility, and high efficiency. To further increase their performance, a wider bandgap PV structure such as indium gallium phosphide (InGaP) has been integrated in two‐terminal (2T) tandem configuration. However, it increases the overall fabrication cost, complicated tunnel‐junction diode connecting subcells are inevitable, and materials are limited by lattice matching. Here, high‐efficiency and stable wide‐bandgap perovskite PVs having comparable bandgap to InGaP (1.8–1.9 eV) are developed, which can be stable low‐cost add‐on layers to further enhance the performance of GaAs PVs as tandem configurations by showing an efficiency improvement from 21.68% to 24.27% (2T configuration) and 25.19% (4T configuration). This approach is also feasible for thin‐film GaAs PV, essential to reduce its fabrication cost for commercialization, with performance increasing from 21.85% to 24.32% and superior flexibility (1000 times bending) in a tandem configuration. Additionally, potential routes to over 30% stable perovskite/GaAs tandems, comparable to InGaP/GaAs with lower cost, are considered. This work can be an initial step to reach the objective of improving the usability of GaAs PV technology with enhanced performance for applications for which lightness and flexibility are crucial, without a significant additional cost increase.

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Cost Analysis of Perovskite Tandem Photovoltaics

Abstract: HIGHLIGHTS Low LCOE is achieved due to extreme low cost of perovskites in tandem PVs Further improving tandem module lifetime and efficiency reduces LCOE LCOE decrease rates are used to measure the research efforts

Cited by 314 publications

References 34 publications

Grain Engineering for Perovskite/Silicon Monolithic Tandem Solar Cells with Efficiency of 25.4%

Grain Engineering for Perovskite/Silicon Monolithic Tandem Solar Cells with Efficiency of 25.4%

Coated and Printed Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications

Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite/Gallium Arsenide Tandem Solar Cells

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