Corrigendum to “Rapid measurement of emissions from military aircraft turbine engines by downstream extractive sampling of aircraft on the ground: Results for C-130 and F-15 aircraft” [Atm. Environ. 43 (2009) 2612–2622]

Spicer, Chester W.; Holdren, Michael W.; Cowen, Kenneth A.; Joseph, Darrell W.; Satola, Jan; Goodwin, Bradley; Mayfield, Howard T.; Laskin, Alexander; Alexander, M. Lizabeth; Ortega, John; Newburn, Matt K.; Kagann, Robert H.; Hashmonay, Ram A.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.09.034

Cited by 2 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Based on previously reported emission inventories (Spicer et al, 2009), it is expected that exhaust gas concentrations for several engines of interest should be on the order of 0-2 µg/L gas sampled for individual alkyl aromatics and 0-0.5 µg /L gas sampled for naphthalene. For expected sampling durations (5-10 minutes) and flow rates (1 liter per minute) used with this technique, it is anticipated that the mass range of approximately 1-20 µg of each compound will be adsorbed during sampling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous efforts have been performed to sample and quantify HAPs emissions from aircraft engines (Spicer et al, 2009;Spicer et al, 1994;Knighton et al, 2009;Corporan et al, 2005;Kinsey, 2009). The most complete of these methods for measuring a wide range of hydrocarbon species, including low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons (C 1 -C 5 ), aromatics, and unburned fuel constituents, was completed by Spicer (Spicer et al, 2009).…”

Section: Measurement Methodologies For Hapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most complete of these methods for measuring a wide range of hydrocarbon species, including low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons (C 1 -C 5 ), aromatics, and unburned fuel constituents, was completed by Spicer (Spicer et al, 2009). Exhaust sampling was performed in the field directly into passivated canisters, followed by subsequent laboratory analysis.…”

Section: Measurement Methodologies For Hapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spicer and others have examined HAPs from this original list, and produced shorter lists of HAPs from aircraft emissions (see Table 1) (URS Corp., 2003;Federal Aviation Administration, 2009;Spicer et al, 2009;EPA, 1999a;Kinsey, 2009). The aldehydes in this list constitute a significant fraction of the total engine emissions; formaldehyde levels alone have been reported to comprise approximately 12% of the organic emissions from military engines tested (Federal Aviation Administration, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aldehydes in this list constitute a significant fraction of the total engine emissions; formaldehyde levels alone have been reported to comprise approximately 12% of the organic emissions from military engines tested (Federal Aviation Administration, 2009). Spicer estimates the average formaldehyde levels to be more than 1,300 mg/kg fuel for specific aircraft (Spicer et al, 2009). Kinsey examined six commercial engines and found formaldehyde levels between 130 and 357 mg/kg fuel using a DNPH sampling technique (Kinsey, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of methodologies for identification and quantification of hazardous air pollutants from turbine engine emissions

Anneken

Striebich

DeWitt

et al. 2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Aircraft turbine engines are a significant source of particulate matter (PM) and gaseous emissions in the vicinity of airports and military installations. Hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) (e.g., formaldehyde, benzene, naphthalene and other compounds) associated with aircraft emissions are an environmental concern both in flight and at ground level. Therefore, effective sampling, identification, and accurate measurement of these trace species are important to assess their environmental impact. This effort evaluates two established ambient air sampling and analysis methods, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method TO-11A and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Method 1501, for potential use to quantify HAPs from aircraft turbine engines. The techniques were used to perform analysis of the exhaust from a T63 turboshaft engine, and were examined using certified gas standards transferred through the heated sampling systems used for engine exhaust gaseous emissions measurements. Test results show that the EPA Method TO-11A (for aldehydes) and NIOSH Method 1501 (for semivolatile hydrocarbons) were effective techniques for the sampling and analysis of most HAPs of interest. Both methods showed reasonable extraction efficiencies of HAP species from the sorbent tubes, with the exception of acrolein, styrene, and phenol, which were not well quantified. Formaldehyde measurements using dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) tubes (EPA method TO-11A) were accurate for gas-phase standards, and compared favorably to measurements using gas-phase Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In general, these two standard methodologies proved to be suitable techniques for field measurement of turbine engine HAPs within a reasonable (5-10 minutes) sampling period. Details of the tests, the analysis methods, calibration procedures, and results from the gas standards and T63 engine tested using a conventional JP-8 jet fuel are provided.Implications: HAPs from aviation-related sources are important because of their adverse health and environmental impacts in and around airports and flight lines. Simpler, more convenient techniques to measure the important HAPs, especially aldehydes and volatile organic HAPs, are needed to provide information about their occurrence and assist in the development of engines that emit fewer harmful emissions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Methodologies For Hapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Methodologies For Hapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of methodologies for identification and quantification of hazardous air pollutants from turbine engine emissions

Anneken

Striebich

DeWitt

et al. 2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Aircraft Emissions of Methane and Nitrous Oxide during the Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment

Santoni

Lee

Wood

et al. 2011

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Given the predicted growth of aviation and the recent developments of alternative aviation fuels, quantifying methane (CH(4)) and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) emission ratios for various aircraft engines and fuels can help constrain projected impacts of aviation on the Earth's radiative balance. Fuel-based emission indices for CH(4) and N(2)O were quantified from CFM56-2C1 engines aboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the first Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment (AAFEX-I) in 2009. The measurements of JP-8 fuel combustion products indicate that at low thrust engine states (idle and taxi, or 4% and 7% maximum rated thrusts, respectively) the engines emit both CH(4) and N(2)O at a mean ± 1σ rate of 170 ± 160 mg CH(4) (kg Fuel)(-1) and 110 ± 50 mg N(2)O (kg Fuel)(-1), respectively. At higher thrust levels corresponding to greater fuel flow and higher engine temperatures, CH(4) concentrations in engine exhaust were lower than ambient concentrations. Average emission indices for JP-8 fuel combusted at engine thrusts between 30% and 100% of maximum rating were -54 ± 33 mg CH(4) (kg Fuel)(-1) and 32 ± 18 mg N(2)O (kg Fuel)(-1), where the negative sign indicates consumption of atmospheric CH(4) in the engine. Emission factors for the synthetic Fischer-Tropsch fuels were statistically indistinguishable from those for JP-8.

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Corrigendum to “Rapid measurement of emissions from military aircraft turbine engines by downstream extractive sampling of aircraft on the ground: Results for C-130 and F-15 aircraft” [Atm. Environ. 43 (2009) 2612–2622]

Cited by 2 publications

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Development of methodologies for identification and quantification of hazardous air pollutants from turbine engine emissions

Development of methodologies for identification and quantification of hazardous air pollutants from turbine engine emissions

Aircraft Emissions of Methane and Nitrous Oxide during the Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment

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