Correlative relationship between biochemical activity and aggressive behaviour

Biological factors in sociopathy: Relationships to drug abuse behaviors.

“…Low levels of PAA have been observed in isolated aggressive mice (Dourish, Davis, Dyck, Jones, & Boulton, 1982) and are probably a mediator of the greater "isolation syndrome" (Valzelli, 1973) seen in mice. This link between levels of PAA and aggression has also been shown in human studies, with prisoners incarcerated for violent crimes having lower levels of PAA (Davis et al, 1983) and higher monoamine oxidase levels (Boulton et al, 1983;Yu, Davis, & Boulton, 1985) than those convicted of nonviolent crimes. Other studies have shown increased CSF PAA levels in aggressive psychopaths (Sandler, Ruthven, & Goodwin, 1978), and our own studies using an observer-rated scoring system have shown that low levels of plasma PAA correlated strongly with antagonistic, borderline behavior.…”

“…The trace amine phenylethylamine and its metabolite phenylacetic acid (PAA) have been the focus of considerable research in the past decade because of their possible relationship with several psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia (Karoum & Wyatt, 1984) and depression (Sabelli & Jefferies, 1983a, 1983bSabelli & Mosnaim, 1974;Sandler, Ruthven, Goodwin, & Coppen, 1979) as well as with violent behavior (Boulton, Davis, Yu, Wormith, and Addington, 1983;Davis, Yu, Boulton, Wormith, and Addington, 1983). A clear elucidation of the function of these neuropharmacologic substances and of any role they may play in human behavior has not been reached.…”

Biological factors in sociopathy: Relationships to drug abuse behaviors.

“…Low levels of PAA have been observed in isolated aggressive mice (Dourish, Davis, Dyck, Jones, & Boulton, 1982) and are probably a mediator of the greater "isolation syndrome" (Valzelli, 1973) seen in mice. This link between levels of PAA and aggression has also been shown in human studies, with prisoners incarcerated for violent crimes having lower levels of PAA (Davis et al, 1983) and higher monoamine oxidase levels (Boulton et al, 1983;Yu, Davis, & Boulton, 1985) than those convicted of nonviolent crimes. Other studies have shown increased CSF PAA levels in aggressive psychopaths (Sandler, Ruthven, & Goodwin, 1978), and our own studies using an observer-rated scoring system have shown that low levels of plasma PAA correlated strongly with antagonistic, borderline behavior.…”

“…The trace amine phenylethylamine and its metabolite phenylacetic acid (PAA) have been the focus of considerable research in the past decade because of their possible relationship with several psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia (Karoum & Wyatt, 1984) and depression (Sabelli & Jefferies, 1983a, 1983bSabelli & Mosnaim, 1974;Sandler, Ruthven, Goodwin, & Coppen, 1979) as well as with violent behavior (Boulton, Davis, Yu, Wormith, and Addington, 1983;Davis, Yu, Boulton, Wormith, and Addington, 1983). A clear elucidation of the function of these neuropharmacologic substances and of any role they may play in human behavior has not been reached.…”

Neuroscience of Aggression

“…Impulsive-aggressive symptoms have been linked to reduced MAO-A activity in platelets and brain (Davis et al 1983;Perris et al 1984;af Klinteberg et al 1987;Mukasa et al 1990;Belfrage et al 1992;Prochazka et al 2003;Skondras et al 2004;Eklund et al 2005;Alia-Klein et al 2008), and numerous associations to MAOA-L have been reported for substance abuse, (Contini et al 2006;Saito et al 2002;Parsian et al 2003) antisocial personality disorder, and other clinical diagnoses related to pathological aggression (Mertins et al 2011;Reti et al 2011;Williams et al 2009). Impulsive-aggressive symptoms have been linked to reduced MAO-A activity in platelets and brain (Davis et al 1983;Perris et al 1984;af Klinteberg et al 1987;Mukasa et al 1990;Belfrage et al 1992;Prochazka et al 2003;Skondras et al 2004;Eklund et al 2005;Alia-Klein et al 2008), and numerous associations to MAOA-L have been reported for substance abuse, (Contini et al 2006;Saito et al 2002;Parsian et al 2003) antisocial personality disorder, and other clinical diagnoses related to pathological aggression (Mertins et al 2011;Reti et al 2011;Williams et al 2009).…”

Biological factors in sociopathy: Relationships to drug abuse behaviors.

“…Low levels of PAA have been observed in isolated aggressive mice (Dourish, Davis, Dyck, Jones, & Boulton, 1982) and are probably a mediator of the greater "isolation syndrome" (Valzelli, 1973) seen in mice. This link between levels of PAA and aggression has also been shown in human studies, with prisoners incarcerated for violent crimes having lower levels of PAA (Davis et al, 1983) and higher monoamine oxidase levels (Boulton et al, 1983;Yu, Davis, & Boulton, 1985) than those convicted of nonviolent crimes. Other studies have shown increased CSF PAA levels in aggressive psychopaths (Sandler, Ruthven, & Goodwin, 1978), and our own studies using an observer-rated scoring system have shown that low levels of plasma PAA correlated strongly with antagonistic, borderline behavior.…”

“…The trace amine phenylethylamine and its metabolite phenylacetic acid (PAA) have been the focus of considerable research in the past decade because of their possible relationship with several psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia (Karoum & Wyatt, 1984) and depression (Sabelli & Jefferies, 1983a, 1983bSabelli & Mosnaim, 1974;Sandler, Ruthven, Goodwin, & Coppen, 1979) as well as with violent behavior (Boulton, Davis, Yu, Wormith, and Addington, 1983;Davis, Yu, Boulton, Wormith, and Addington, 1983). A clear elucidation of the function of these neuropharmacologic substances and of any role they may play in human behavior has not been reached.…”

Neuroscience of Aggression

“…Impulsive-aggressive symptoms have been linked to reduced MAO-A activity in platelets and brain (Davis et al 1983;Perris et al 1984;af Klinteberg et al 1987;Mukasa et al 1990;Belfrage et al 1992;Prochazka et al 2003;Skondras et al 2004;Eklund et al 2005;Alia-Klein et al 2008), and numerous associations to MAOA-L have been reported for substance abuse, (Contini et al 2006;Saito et al 2002;Parsian et al 2003) antisocial personality disorder, and other clinical diagnoses related to pathological aggression (Mertins et al 2011;Reti et al 2011;Williams et al 2009). Impulsive-aggressive symptoms have been linked to reduced MAO-A activity in platelets and brain (Davis et al 1983;Perris et al 1984;af Klinteberg et al 1987;Mukasa et al 1990;Belfrage et al 1992;Prochazka et al 2003;Skondras et al 2004;Eklund et al 2005;Alia-Klein et al 2008), and numerous associations to MAOA-L have been reported for substance abuse, (Contini et al 2006;Saito et al 2002;Parsian et al 2003) antisocial personality disorder, and other clinical diagnoses related to pathological aggression (Mertins et al 2011;Reti et al 2011;Williams et al 2009).…”

Biological factors in sociopathy: Relationships to drug abuse behaviors.

“…Low levels of PAA have been observed in isolated aggressive mice (Dourish, Davis, Dyck, Jones, & Boulton, 1982) and are probably a mediator of the greater "isolation syndrome" (Valzelli, 1973) seen in mice. This link between levels of PAA and aggression has also been shown in human studies, with prisoners incarcerated for violent crimes having lower levels of PAA (Davis et al, 1983) and higher monoamine oxidase levels (Boulton et al, 1983;Yu, Davis, & Boulton, 1985) than those convicted of nonviolent crimes. Other studies have shown increased CSF PAA levels in aggressive psychopaths (Sandler, Ruthven, & Goodwin, 1978), and our own studies using an observer-rated scoring system have shown that low levels of plasma PAA correlated strongly with antagonistic, borderline behavior.…”

“…The trace amine phenylethylamine and its metabolite phenylacetic acid (PAA) have been the focus of considerable research in the past decade because of their possible relationship with several psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia (Karoum & Wyatt, 1984) and depression (Sabelli & Jefferies, 1983a, 1983bSabelli & Mosnaim, 1974;Sandler, Ruthven, Goodwin, & Coppen, 1979) as well as with violent behavior (Boulton, Davis, Yu, Wormith, and Addington, 1983;Davis, Yu, Boulton, Wormith, and Addington, 1983). A clear elucidation of the function of these neuropharmacologic substances and of any role they may play in human behavior has not been reached.…”

Neuroscience of Aggression

“…Impulsive-aggressive symptoms have been linked to reduced MAO-A activity in platelets and brain (Davis et al 1983;Perris et al 1984;af Klinteberg et al 1987;Mukasa et al 1990;Belfrage et al 1992;Prochazka et al 2003;Skondras et al 2004;Eklund et al 2005;Alia-Klein et al 2008), and numerous associations to MAOA-L have been reported for substance abuse, (Contini et al 2006;Saito et al 2002;Parsian et al 2003) antisocial personality disorder, and other clinical diagnoses related to pathological aggression (Mertins et al 2011;Reti et al 2011;Williams et al 2009). Impulsive-aggressive symptoms have been linked to reduced MAO-A activity in platelets and brain (Davis et al 1983;Perris et al 1984;af Klinteberg et al 1987;Mukasa et al 1990;Belfrage et al 1992;Prochazka et al 2003;Skondras et al 2004;Eklund et al 2005;Alia-Klein et al 2008), and numerous associations to MAOA-L have been reported for substance abuse, (Contini et al 2006;Saito et al 2002;Parsian et al 2003) antisocial personality disorder, and other clinical diagnoses related to pathological aggression (Mertins et al 2011;Reti et al 2011;Williams et al 2009).…”