Correlative Analysis Between Severity of Urolithiasis and Laboratory Parameters and Its Implication in Evaluation of the Probable Risk Profile

Abstract

Background: Urolithiasis presents serious hazard which significantly elevates the cost of national health expenditure in almost every part of both the hemispheres. There is high risk of hospitalization with loss of valuable human resource and decreased productivity along with it. Risk factors still evade the exact etiology and search for optimal serum panel is still in its infancy. Urolithiasis incidence has gradually increased in last 3 decades which suggests that some constant metabolic and urinary parameters are implicated in the risk of occurrence of urinary stone. The present study is intended to identify a panel of serum parameters, urinary parameters, radiological characteristics and correlating it with the clinical severity of stone disease. Methods: The present study was conducted at the Department of Urology at GMCH Guwahati. The authors retrospectively analyzed 151 patients undergoing stone surgery from a period of January 2016 to August 2017. Data comprised of all serum and urinary examinations done 1 week preoperatively and radiological scans within 1 month before surgery. Spearman test was used to determine correlation and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for comparison between more than two categories. Results: Stone multiplicity was positively correlated with upper tract stone sides (r = 0.530, P < 0.01), large stone volume (r = 0.172, P < 0.02), stone recurrence, urinary infection and urine protein. Upper tract stone sides number was positively correlated with upper tract obstruction sides (r = 0.542, P < 0.03), large stone volume (r =-0.321, P < 0.01). Upper tract obstruction sides number was positively correlated with large stone volume (r =-0.848, P < 0.01). Conclusions: Results demonstrated that urinary tract obstruction and total stone volume significantly correlated with abnormal serum panel, urinary profile and were harbinger of complex stone pattern.