Correlation between male size and territory quality: consequence of male competition or predation susceptibility?

Candolin, Ulrika; Voigt, H.-R.

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.950204.x

Cited by 129 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A correlation between male phenotypic traits and territory characteristics (or nest or other resource characteristics) has been found in several species, which implies that male and territory (resource) traits often back each other up as signals of male quality (e.g. Price, 1984;Kvarnemo, 1995;Bart & Earnst, 1999;Candolin & Voigt, 2001). However, the opposite result is equally common (e.g.…”

Section: (B) Variation In Mate Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of multiple cues in mate choice

2003

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An increasing number of studies find females to base their mate choice on several cues. Why this occurs is debated and many different hypotheses have been proposed. Here I review the hypotheses and the evidence in favour of them. At the same time I provide a new categorisation based on the adaptiveness of the preferences and the information content of the cues. A few comparative and empirical studies suggest that most multiple cues are Fisherian attractiveness cues or uninformative cues that occur alongside a viability indicator and facilitate detection, improve signal reception, or are remnants from past selection pressures. However, much evidence exists for multiple cues providing additional information and serving as multiple messages that either indicate general mate quality or enable females that differ in mate preferences to choose the most suitable male. Less evidence exists for multiple cues serving as back-up signals. The importance of receiver psychology, multiple sensory environments and signal interaction in the evolution of multiple cues and preferences has received surprisingly little attention but may be of crucial importance. Similarly, sexual conflict has been proposed to result in maladaptive preferences for manipulative cues, and in neutral preferences for threshold cues, but no reliable evidence exists so far. An important factor in the evolution of multiple preferences is the cost of using additional cues. Most theoretical work assumes that the cost of choice increases with the number of cues used, which restricts the conditions under which preferences for multiple cues are expected to evolve. I suggest that in contrast to this expectation, the use of multiple cues can reduce mate choice costs by decreasing the number of mates inspected more closely or the time and energy spent inspecting a set of mates. This may be one explanation for why multiple cues are more common than usually expected. Finally I discuss the consequences that the use of multiple cues may have for the process of sexual selection, the maintenance of genetic variation, and speciation.

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Section: (B) Variation In Mate Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of multiple cues in mate choice

2003

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“…Candolin & Voigt 2001, Lombardi et al 2003, Mandelik et al 2003, and to fitness (Olsson et al 2002). In the face of persistent risk, reduced activities such as feeding and courtship will eventually manifest in reduced fitness (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex habitats may not always benefit prey: linking visual field with reef fish behavior and distribution

Rilov¹,

Figueira²,

Lyman³

et al. 2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Habitat structural complexity is often considered beneficial for prey species because it reduces the foraging efficiency of predators. However, for site-attached, territorial prey, such as many damselfishes, structural complexity at specific scales may be detrimental. Since the location of territorial prey could be highly predictable to predators, the ability of such prey to detect approaching predators may be limited by high-relief structural complexity. The bicolor damselfish Stegastes partitus is abundant and randomly dispersed on coral heads in fore reef habitats in the Florida Keys but is less abundant on back reef habitats, where it aggregates in open patches within fields of gorgonian soft corals. We hypothesized that the complex gorgonian habitat limits the visual field for S. partitus, increasing the uncertainty about predation risk, and is therefore a low quality habitat. We found that males occupy territories with visual fields larger than the fields around randomly selected points. Experimentally reducing the visual field around males decreased both their courting rates and the distance they ventured away from the nest. Males in the back reef spent more time away from their nests -potentially taking greater risks -towards the peak of the spawning cycle than males in the fore reef, which may be related to their lower reproductive success on the back reef. Experiments exposing male S. partitus to a fish predator suggest that a limited visual field (an uncertain situation) presents a more risky situation than a clearly visible but 'contained' predator. Our results demonstrate that a limited visual field around territorial, site-attached prey fish alters their behavior such that mating and feeding may be compromised. Fish abundance was negatively correlated with soft coral density but not with the number of potential territories or surface rugosity, suggesting that the visual seascape may be important for the fish distribution patterns. We suggest that habitat complexity at the appropriate scale mediates the distribution and possibly also the abundance of territorial prey fishes through the effects of the size of the visual field on fish behavior.

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“…However, we cannot reject the hypothesis that the density of resources does not vary between territories of different sizes, and that, therefore, the owners of larger territories gain more resources than those of smaller territories (Johnsson et al, 2000;Candolin & Voigt, 2001). In this case, the more time spent foraging and less time resting in larger territories could be explained if individuals with higher energy requirements, like large-sized fish, occupied these territories (Deverill et al, 1999), leading to a positive relationship between the size of the individual and the size of the area of the defended territory (Bell & Kramer, 2000;Adams, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Cost of territorial maintenance by Parodon nasus (Osteichthyes: Parodontidae) in a Neotropical stream

et al. 2009

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The combined demand over a certain resource may exceed its immediate supply, which can then lead to competition between individuals. This competition may result in territorial behavior. In this study we determine the density and spatial distribution, describe the interactions arising from territorial behavior and evaluate the costs of keeping the territories defended by adults of Parodon nasus. The study was conducted in Camarinha Stream located in the Serra das Araras Ecological Station, Porto Estrela, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The density was constant throughout the length of the stream, with a mean (± standard deviation) of 1.01 ind./m 2 (± 0.14). Our results show that the spatial distribution of individuals in the area ranged between uniform and random. The territories were defended more often against intraspecific than interspecific intruders. The time that the owners of the territories devoted to defending them was not influenced by the size of the territories. However, owners of larger territories spent more time foraging than owners of smaller territories. As a result, owners of larger territories had less time to rest than owners of smaller territories. The results of this study show behavioral patterns relevant to understanding the relationship between size and territorial maintenance cost of P. nasus and other species of fish with territorial behavior.A demanda combinada por um recurso pode exceder a sua oferta imediata, levando os indivíduos a competirem. Essa competição pode resultar no comportamento de territorialidade. Neste trabalho nós determinamos a densidade e a distribuição espacial, descrevemos as interações decorrentes do comportamento territorial e avaliamos os custos de manutenção dos territórios defendidos por indivíduos adultos de Parodon nasus. O estudo foi realizado no córrego Camarinha localizado na Estação Ecológica Serra das Araras no município de Porto Estrela, Mato Grosso, Brasil. A densidade foi constante ao longo de todos os trechos, com média (± desvio padrão) de 1,01 ind./m 2 (± 0,14). Nossos resultados mostram que a distribuição espacial dos indivíduos na área variou entre uniforme e aleatória. Os territórios foram defendidos mais frequentemente contra invasores intra do que interespecíficos. O tempo que os detentores de território dedicaram a sua defesa não foi influenciado pelo tamanho dos territórios. Todavia, donos de territórios maiores passaram mais tempo em atividade de forrageamento que donos de territórios menores. Como consequência, donos de territórios maiores tiveram menos tempo para descansar que donos de territórios menores. Os resultados deste trabalho mostram padrões comportamentais importantes para o entendimento da relação entre tamanho e custo de manutenção dos territórios de P. nasus e de outras espécies de peixes com comportamento territorial.

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Correlation between male size and territory quality: consequence of male competition or predation susceptibility?

Cited by 129 publications

References 30 publications

The use of multiple cues in mate choice

The use of multiple cues in mate choice

Complex habitats may not always benefit prey: linking visual field with reef fish behavior and distribution

Cost of territorial maintenance by Parodon nasus (Osteichthyes: Parodontidae) in a Neotropical stream

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