Correlation Between Glycosylated Haemoglobin, Lipid Profile and Thyroid Function Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

BACKGROUND The prevalence of Diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate all over the world. Among the non-communicable diseases, diabetes is second highest burden, second only to cardiovascular disease in India. Type 2 diabetes is commonly associated with obesity, hypertension & cardiovascular diseases. Dyslipidaemia is one of the major factors for cardiovascular diseases. In diabetes mellitus, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Low Density Lipoprotein are elevated & High-Density Lipoprotein is decreased. HbA1c is widely used as a measure of mean Glycaemia; it is a measure of risk factor for development of diabetic complications. Thyroid dysfunction is one of the commonest endocrine dysfunctions that is rampant in most of the populations around the world, especially the diabetics. Aims & Objectives-1. To determine the levels of TSH and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) among Type 2 DM patients. 2. To correlate between TSH and HbA1c and different types of lipids and HbA1c among type 2 DM patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Endocrinology, JNIMS, during the period from August 2017 to December 2017, including 124 male and female patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 and excluding patients already on antithyroid and lipid lowering agents and those who do not give consent for the study. They were subjected to detailed history followed by clinical examination, laboratory workup including glycaemic status, lipid profile and TSH, after getting informed consent. RESULTS The result showed increased mean levels of HbA1c (8.2%) and normal level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (5.6 mlU/L). The results also showed a weak positive correlation between HbA1c and TSH (r = 0.212, P = 0.034). HbA1c showed Direct & significant correlation with Total Cholesterol and LDL. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that HbA1c can be used as a good parameter for predicting the Lipid Profile thereby useful in prevention of any future cardiovascular events. The increased blood glucose could trigger anterior pituitary gland to increase secretion of TSH.