Correlation between cytokine serum levels, number of CD4+ T cells/mm&amp;sup3; and viral load in HIV-1 infected individuals with or without antiretroviral therapy

Meira, Domingos Alves; Souza, Lenice do Rosário de; Calvi, Sueli Aparecida; Lima, C.S.P.; Henriques, R. M. S.; Pardini, M. I.; Silva, V. A.; Iuan, F. C.; Marcondes-Machado, Jussara

doi:10.1590/s1678-91992004000300008

Cited by 4 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Another study was conducted by Meira et al, showed the positive correlation between IL-2 and IFN-which is the Th1 subset's de ner. In contrast to the study by Meira et al, in COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swab samples, we observed a strong positive correlation of IL-2 with IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 [30]. Another study indicated a positive correlation between IL-4 and TNF-α, but a negative correlation between IL-4 and IL-6 after ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography) [31].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Correlation of nasopharyngeal viral load and pro-inflammatory cytokines with COVID-19 disease severity

Ghulam

Nazim

Farooqui

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Introduction: Most individuals with SARS-CoV-2 experience mild symptoms, however, many can experience a severe form of the disease, which can also be fatal. Several studies have associated serum pro-inflammatory cytokines with disease severity. However, very few have associated early cytokine changes, following viral infection of the nasopharyngeal region, with disease severity. Therefore, our study aimed to associate changes in viral loads and the expression of various cytokines in nasopharyngeal samples with COVID-19 disease severity.Material and Method: A total of 118 SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal samples in the viral transfer medium were collected. The samples were characterized as mild and severe, based on the WHO criteria, and qPCR was performed to determine the viral loads and also evaluate the expression of eight cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TGF-β1 and TNF-α) expression in the mild and severe group. Subsequently, appropriate statistical tests were applied to determine the differential expression of cytokines in the mild and severe groups and to correlate the viral loads and cytokine expression with disease severity.Results: Out of 118 nasopharyngeal samples, 71 were characterized as mild, while 47 as severe. The mean viral load between the mild and severe groups was comparable (mild group: 27.07I 5.22; severe group: s 26.37 n7.89). Analysis of the cytokines showed the expression of IL-2, IFN- γ and TNF-α to be significantly higher in the severe groups as compared to the mild group. Further, we also observed a significant positive correlation between all the cytokines in the severe group.Conclusion: We found IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ expression to be significantly higher in severe cases as compared to mild. The increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the nasopharyngeal milieu may be considered as biomarkers for disease severity in COVID-19 positive patients.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Correlation of nasopharyngeal viral load and pro-inflammatory cytokines with COVID-19 disease severity

Ghulam

Nazim

Farooqui

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Also the pro-inflammatory mediator TNF-α seen to be elevated in the study was reported to be implicated in HIV pathogenesis through induction of virus transcription-activating factors [ 17 ]. Previous studies conducted by Meira et al [ 18 ] documented lower TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-10 serum level among HIV-1 mono-infected ART-experienced compared to their ART-naive counterparts. Similarly, elevated levels of TNF-α have been reported in mononuclear phagocytes during HIV, and which significantly decline during HAART [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the serum levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in HIV infected subjects

Osuji

Onyenekwe

et al. 2018

J Biomed Sci

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BackgroundCytokines play an important role in controlling the homeostasis of the immune system and infection with Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) leads to deregulated production of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This study was designed to determine the effects of HIV and Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) on the levels of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in HIV infected subjects.MethodA total of 50 HIV infected and 50 HIV seronegative control participants were recruited for the study. The HIV infected subjects were recruited before commencement of antiretroviral therapy and were followed up for 12 months. Blood samples were collected at 3 different points: before initiation of therapy, 6 months into therapy and 12 months into therapy. Serum cytokines were analyzed using ELISA method while CD4+ T cells and viral load counts were measured using standard laboratory methods.ResultThe results showed that pro-inflammatory cytokines: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-4 (IL-4), Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) were significantly elevated in HIV infected subjects before commencement of therapy compared to 6 months and 12 months into therapy (P < 0.01) and compared to control participants (P < 0.01). TNF-α, TGF-beta remained significantly elevated even after 12 months of therapy compared to control participants (P < 0.01), while IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 showed no significant difference compared to control participants after 12 months of therapy (P > 0.05). INF-γ was significantly reduced before commencement of therapy and after 12 months of therapy compared to control participants (P < 0.05) respectively.ConclusionTNF-α and TGF-β remained significantly elevated even after 12 months of therapy, while IFN-γ remained significantly reduced after 12 months of therapy. Regulating these cytokines which were unresponsive to therapy could serve as a potential measure of therapy for HIV infected subjects. The positive effect of 12 months therapy on IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 levels can be used to monitor disease prognosis during therapy especially in resource poor setting where regular viral load monitoring is unavailable.

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“…The cytokines transducer signals and multiple protein kinase pathways have been involved in this process. The balance between proliferation and apoptosis to regulate the size and diversity of mature naive and memory Tcell pools in the peripheral circulation could also contribute (Meira et al, 2004;Silas et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine levels of interleukin-2 and 7 amongst antiretroviral therapy success and failure HIV patients attending the University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon

Ikomey

Mbakam

Assoumou

et al. 2020

Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci

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Immune reconstitution complications (IRC) are major problems faced by HIV treated patients worldwide. Interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-7 play vital roles in peripheral T-cell homeostasis. Our study objective was to measure and compare the blood plasma levels of IL-2 and IL-7 amongst antiretroviral therapy (ART) patients attending the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, Cameroon. We performed a cross-sectional study with 296 HIV positive patients enrolled between July 2017 and May 2018 at the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital. IL-2, IL-7, T-cell profile counts and plasma viral load were measured on whole blood specimens. Data obtained were analyzed using Graph Pad Prism 5.0 and Epi info 7.0 Software. IL-2 and IL-7 plasma concentration levels were higher in patients with ART failure compared to ART success, with a mean ± SD of 19.4±8 and 17.1±6 pg /ml, 35.26±11 and 21.5±5 pg/ml, with p < 0.001 and < 0.001. There was a direct and significant correlation between viral load, IL-2 and IL-7 with p values = 0.028, and 0.020, respectively. There was an association between IL-2, IL-7 and viral load in relation to the duration on treatment (DT), with p values = 0.003 (R2= 0.041, CI= 0.069 – 0.34) ,0.017 (R2= 0.027, CI= -0.30 – 0.030), and 0.001 (R2= 0.048, CI= -0.047–0.76). Considering that limited surrogate markers are available for monitoring immune reconstitution and high associated mortality rates, IL-2 and IL-7 could be a good immunological predictor for ART failure and success in HIV infected individuals. © 2020 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Homeostasis, Immune reconstitution, Interleukins, ART

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Correlation between cytokine serum levels, number of CD4+ T cells/mm³ and viral load in HIV-1 infected individuals with or without antiretroviral therapy

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Correlation of nasopharyngeal viral load and pro-inflammatory cytokines with COVID-19 disease severity

Correlation of nasopharyngeal viral load and pro-inflammatory cytokines with COVID-19 disease severity

The effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the serum levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in HIV infected subjects

Cytokine levels of interleukin-2 and 7 amongst antiretroviral therapy success and failure HIV patients attending the University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon

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