Correction: Human monkeypox: A review of the literature

Eid, Rozana El; Allaw, Fatima; Haddad, Sara F.; Kanj, Souha S.

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1011008

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Since January 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a global rise in the number of confirmed mpox cases across all six WHO regions (> 90,000 confirmed cases and ≥ 150 deaths; September 2023), including previous non-endemic regions of Europe and the Americas (https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/mpx_global/). While the natural zoonotic reservoir of MPXV is likely to be in small rodents [2][3][4] , increased human-tohuman transmission has been widely reported during the 2022/23 outbreak and linked to the emergence of Clade IIb variants since 2016 [5][6][7] . This has raised concern that MPXV may establish a global foothold in the human population due to waning levels of cross-protecting immunity conferred previously through smallpox vaccination 8,9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature elevation synergises with and enhances the type-I IFN-mediated restriction of MPXV

Davis,

Epifano,

Dee

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Fever is an evolutionary conserved host pro-inflammatory immune response that governs the regulation of multiple biological processes to control the outcome of infection. In January 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a global outbreak in mpox cases with a high incidence of human-to-human transmission. A frequent prodromal symptom of monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection is fever, with a febrile temperature range of 38.3 to 40.5 °C. However, the outcome of temperature elevation on MPXV infection remains poorly defined. Here, we isolated a circulating strain of MPXV from a patient who presented with fever (38.5 °C) and rash from the 2022 outbreak. Genomic sequencing identified this isolate to belong to the epidemic Clade IIb.B1. Transcriptomic analysis of infected cells demonstrated this virus to induce a strong IL6 pro-inflammatory immune response, consistent with a role for this pyrogen in the regulation of fever. We identify host-cell temperature at both physiological skin (33 °C) and clinical febrile temperatures (38.5 and 40 °C) to be a key determinant in the outcome of infection through the differential regulation of MPXV transcription and associated amplitude of host cytokine response to infection. Incubation of infected cells at 38.5 or 40 °C led to a restriction or ablation in MPXV replication, respectively. Importantly, this thermal inhibition was reversible upon temperature downshift to 37 °C without detriment to viral replication fitness. Co-stimulation of the type-I interferon (IFN) response led to a dose- and temperature-dependent inhibition in MPXV replication that restricted the re-establishment of infection upon temperature downshift and withdrawal of IFN as an immune stimulus. Our data identify febrile temperatures associated with mpox disease to be a critical component of the host pro-inflammatory immune response to infection which can synergise with the type-I IFN response to enhance the host-cell mediated restriction of MPXV.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human-to-human transmission of MPXV occurs through close contact with infectious skin lesions, bodily fluids, or large respiratory droplets 3,4 . The spectrum of mpox disease is often variable and ranges from self-limiting disease in healthy immunocompetent adults to fatality in 1 to 10 % of affected individuals 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature elevation synergises with and enhances the type-I IFN-mediated restriction of MPXV

Davis,

Epifano,

Dee

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Knowledge of Human Monkeypox Infection among Final Year Medical, Pharmacy, and Nursing Students: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Analysis from Pakistan

Masood,

Alkubaisi,

Aslam

et al. 2023

Healthcare

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The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the monkeypox outbreak a public health emergency in June 2022. In Pakistan, positive cases of monkeypox were reported in April 2023. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are considered as a front-line force to combat such outbreaks. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 11 public sector educational institutions in Punjab, Pakistan, during May and June 2023 among final year medical, pharmacy, and nursing students concerning their knowledge of monkeypox. This included the signs/symptoms of monkeypox. Healthcare students were chosen as they are the HCWs of tomorrow. A total of 389 healthcare students participated in the study, with a mean age of 23.17 ± 1.72 years, and the majority were female. The mean knowledge score was 17.69 ± 4.55 (95% CI 17.24–18.14) out of a maximum total knowledge score of 26 (each correct answer was given a score of 1). The proportion of students with good, moderate, and poor knowledge was 21.6%, 43.2%, and 35.2%, respectively. Age (p = 0.017), gender (p < 0.001), and education (p < 0.001) had a significant impact on the knowledge score. In the multivariate linear regression model, education was the only significant factor linked to knowledge scores. Overall, the majority of future HCWs had moderate knowledge of monkeypox. Consequently, educational activities are needed to improve monkeypox-related knowledge among future HCWs. Furthermore, emerging infectious diseases should be routinely incorporated into HCW curricula.

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Monkeypox in Bulgaria: Significance of Various Clinical Samples, Clinical Manifestation, and Molecular Detection

Krumova,

Stefanova,

Genova-Kalou

et al. 2024

JCM

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Background/Objectives: Monkeypox (mpox) is currently the most common orthopoxvirus (OPXV) zoonotic disease, and, since 2022, there has been atypical person-to-person transmission observed in non-endemic countries. The present study aimed to investigate the frequency of monkeypox virus (MPXV) and OPXV DNA detection in recommended and alternative clinical materials taken during the acute and convalescent phases of infection in Bulgarian patients. Methods: The study included laboratory investigation by real time PCR of 181 clinical samples from 42 Bulgarian patients with possible mpox infections. Results: MPXV DNA was detected in 23/181 (12.71%), and OPXV DNA in 20/181 (11.05%) clinical samples. There were six mpox-confirmed patients aged 23 to 44. At the highest frequency, MPXV and OPXV DNA were detected in samples of vesicular contents (6/6) and nasal/oropharyngeal secretions (5/6 and 4/6) during the first three days from the appearance of clinical symptoms. We demonstrated MPXV and OPXV DNA in alternative samples (urine, feces, ejaculate, and saliva), and in follow-up patient samples, taken two weeks after mpox confirmation in the convalescent phase (vesicular contentsand urine). Conclusions: Our findings suggested that MPXV may be detected in a larger set of clinical materials, including alternatives, where the virus can persist for more than two weeks.

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Correction: Human monkeypox: A review of the literature

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Temperature elevation synergises with and enhances the type-I IFN-mediated restriction of MPXV

Temperature elevation synergises with and enhances the type-I IFN-mediated restriction of MPXV

Knowledge of Human Monkeypox Infection among Final Year Medical, Pharmacy, and Nursing Students: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Analysis from Pakistan

Monkeypox in Bulgaria: Significance of Various Clinical Samples, Clinical Manifestation, and Molecular Detection

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