Correcting trunk muscle geometry obtained from MRI and CT scans of supine postures for use in standing postures

McGill, Stuart M.; Juker, Daniel; Axler, Craig T.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(95)00119-0

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In both genders a characteristic descending order of size was demonstrated, RA being thickest, then IO, EO, and TA. Although not specifically identified, ultrasound measurements from previous studies showed the same order of thickness of the lateral muscles and, despite variation in scanning protocols, our mean values agree well with those studies, 4,5,16,18,19,27 varying by 0.3 cm for IO and TA and by 0.4 cm for EO. Variations of 0.1-0.2 cm could be due to measurement error.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…18,27 In the present study, position 1 mainly represented the upper fibers of all three muscles and the anterior fibers of the obliques, whereas position 2 represented the lower fibers of the three muscles and lateral fibers of the obliques. Therefore, functionally different regions of the muscle were represented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Therefore, functionally different regions of the muscle were represented. 1,13,18 More scanning sites need to be explored. For research purposes, multiple scanning sites may be required, depending on the need, as certain exercise regimes may affect different parts of the muscles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abdominal muscle size and symmetry in normal subjects

2006

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This study was undertaken to establish normal reference ranges for abdominal muscle size and symmetry and to examine the effects on these of gender and age. We studied 123 subjects, consisting of 55 men (aged 21-72 years) and 68 women (aged 20-64 years). Real-time ultrasound imaging of the abdominal muscles was performed. Thickness of internal and external oblique (IO, EO), transversus abdominis (TA), and rectus abdominis (RA), and cross-sectional area (CSA) of RA were measured, and absolute and relative muscle thickness (percent total muscle thickness), order of thickness, and symmetry (percent difference between sides) were determined. Males had significantly larger muscles than females and size was poorly correlated with age. The pattern of relative muscle thickness was RA > IO > EO > TA. Symmetry for total absolute thickness of all three lateral muscles was 8%-9% (mean) but for individual muscles there was asymmetry of absolute size (13%-24%), whereas relative thickness was symmetrical for all muscles. These findings provide robust reference data for the abdominal muscles in normal males and females in order to enable comparison with clinical groups to assess abnormalities and establish sensitivity for evaluating the effectiveness of interventions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Abdominal muscle size and symmetry in normal subjects

2006

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“…In addition, some researchers have tried to quantify the trunk musculature using CT or MRI (e.g., McGill et al 1996). In respect of the age and gender of subjects, however, the data comparable to the present results are limited to those reported by Ishida et al (1994) on Japanese young women.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Influences of age and sex on abdominal muscle and subcutaneous fat thickness

Kanehisa

Miyatani

Azuma

et al. 2004

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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This study aimed to investigate the influences of age and sex on the thickness of the rectus abdominis muscle and subcutaneous fat at the abdomen. The two tissue thickness values were determined using ultrasonography in a total of 194 young (20-29 years) and elderly (70-79 years) persons of both genders. In both sexes, the elderly groups showed significantly thinner muscle and thicker fat than the younger groups. The percentage of the mean value of subcutaneous fat thickness in the elderly group compared to that in the younger group was higher in the women (176%) than in the men (128%), but the corresponding value of muscle thickness was similar between men (68%) and women (65%). In both generations, the women had significantly thinner muscle and thicker fat than the men. The percentage of the mean value of subcutaneous fat thickness in the women compared to that in the men was higher in the elderly group (169%) than in the younger group (123%), but the corresponding value of muscle thickness was similar between the younger (80%) and elderly (77%) groups. In every group, subcutaneous fat thickness significantly correlated with waist circumference, but muscle thickness did not. The findings here indicated that: (1). aging was associated with a decrease of muscle thickness and an increase of subcutaneous fat at the abdomen in men and women, with a similar relative loss of muscle thickness in both genders and a greater increase of subcutaneous fat thickness in women than in men, and (2). subcutaneous fat rather than muscle thickness reflected waist circumference, regardless of age and gender.

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“…McGill et al 18) stated that the moment arm lengths of the erector spinae and rectus abdominis measured while their subjects stood were 13% and 30% longer, respectively, than while they were supine. It may be better to apply their findings when using our equations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Trunk Muscle Parameters for a Biomechanical Model by Age, Height and Weight

Seo¹,

Lee

Kusaka

2003

Jrnl of Occup Health

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Estimation of Trunk Muscle Parameters for a Biomechanical Model by Age, Height and Weight: Akihiko Seo, et al. Department of Intelligent Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Technology—To establish more accurate equations for estimating the moment arm length and cross‐sectional area of the erector spinae and rectus abdominis muscles, the effects of height, weight and age on those muscles were analyzed by using a high‐order polynomial equation. Data on the moment arm length and cross‐sectional area at L3/ 4 were obtained from MRI images of 152 males and 98 females. The statistical model used in this study has any combination of up to third‐order independent variables for age, height and weight. The effective independent variables were selected by the forward step method of multiple regression analyses. The results of multiple regression analyses showed that the polynomial equations for the moment arm length of erector spinae in both genders, and that for the rectus abdominis in males, contained all three variables of age, height and weight. That for the moment arm length of female rectus abdominis contained the variables of weight and age. The multiple correlation coefficients of the erector spinae and rectus abdominis were 0.355 and 0.650 for males, 0.364 and 0.411 for females, respectively. The equations for the cross‐sectional area of the erector spinae in both genders, as well as that for male rectus abdominis contained only one variable (weight). The multiple correlation coefficients of the cross‐sectional area of the erector spinae were 0.576 for males and 0.469 for females. The cross‐sectional area of the female rectus abdominis had no effective variables.

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Correcting trunk muscle geometry obtained from MRI and CT scans of supine postures for use in standing postures

Cited by 28 publications

References 5 publications

Abdominal muscle size and symmetry in normal subjects

Abdominal muscle size and symmetry in normal subjects

Influences of age and sex on abdominal muscle and subcutaneous fat thickness

Estimation of Trunk Muscle Parameters for a Biomechanical Model by Age, Height and Weight

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