Corpus callosum function in schizophrenia: A neuropsychological assessment of interhemispheric information processing

Merriam, Arnold E.; Gardner, Elizabeth B.

doi:10.1016/0028-3932(87)90130-8

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A recent review of the literature indicated that the observed differences in ventricular size between schizophrenics and controls varied with the method of measurement employed, and that enlargement of the ventricals was related to lifetime dosage of phenothiazine medication (Reveley, 1985). The enthusiastically greeted link between schizophrenia and inter-hemispheric communication has also failed to draw consistent support from recent studies (Merriam & Gardner, 1987 ;Shagrass, Josiassen, Roemer, Straumans & Slepner, 1983 ;Sheldon & Knight, 1984). When work has been replicated, the percentage of patients exhibiting any particular abnormality has varied considerably.…”

Section: (Ii) Predictive Validitymentioning

confidence: 93%

Abandoning the concept of ‘schizophrenia‘: Some implications of validity arguments for psychological research into psychotic phenomena

Bentall

Jackson

Pilgrim

1988

British J Clinic Psychol

221

117

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After more than 90 years of research in which the presence or absence of a diagnosis of schizophrenia has been used as an independent variable, little of certainty has been found out about the aetiology of the hypothesized schizophrenia disease process. One possible reason for this lack of progress is that schizophrenia is not a valid object of scientific inquiry. Data from published research (mainly carried out by distinguished psychiatrists) are reviewed casting doubt on: (i) the reliability, (ii) the construct validity, (iii) the predictive validity, and (iv) the aetiological specificity of the schizophrenia diagnosis. It is argued that continued research into the aetiology of schizophrenia is likely to prove fruitless and that psychologists should adopt alternative methods of studying psychosis. Two alternative strategies--the development of empirical methods of psychiatric classification and the study of individual symptoms--are discussed.

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Section: (Ii) Predictive Validitymentioning

confidence: 93%

Abandoning the concept of ‘schizophrenia‘: Some implications of validity arguments for psychological research into psychotic phenomena

Bentall

Jackson

Pilgrim

1988

British J Clinic Psychol

221

117

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“…When the right hemisphere is damaged, somesthetic functioning can become grossly abnormal, and patients may experience peculiar disturbances that involve the body image (Critchley, 1953;Hillbom, 1960;Joseph, 1986a;Miller, 1984;Nathanson, Bergman, &Gordon, 1952;M. Roth, 1949;N.…”

Section: Disturbances Of the Body Imagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most dreaming occurs during REM, which possibly is associated with right hemisphere activation and low-level left hemisphere arousal (Goldstein, Stoltzfus, & Gardocki, 1972;Hodoba, 1986;Meyer, Ishikawa, Hata, & Karacan, 1987). In this regard it is interesting to note that it becomes progressively more difficult to recall one's dreams as one spends time in or awakens during NonREM (Wolpert & Trosman, 1958), which is associated with high left hemisphere and low right brain activation (Goldstein et al, 1972).…”

Section: Lateralized Memory Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also has been reported that electrophysiologically the right hemisphere becomes highly active during REM, whereas, conversely, the left brain becomes more active during N-REM (Goldstein et aI., 1972;Hodoba, 1986). Similarly, measurements of cerebral blood flow have shown an increase in the right temporal and parietal regions during REM sleep and in subjects who upon wakening report visual, hypnagogic, hallucinatory and auditory dreaming (Meyer et al, 1987).…”

Section: Dreaming and Hemispheric Oscillationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The right cerebral hemisphere: Emotion, music, visual-spatial skills, body-image, dreams, and awareness

Joseph¹

1988

J. Clin. Psychol.

137

110

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Based on a review of numerous studies conducted on normal, neurosurgical and brain‐injured individuals, the right cerebral hemisphere appears to be dominant in the perception and identification of environmental and nonverbal sounds; the analysis of geometric and visual space (e. g., depth perception, visual closure); somesthesis, stereognosis, the maintenance of the body image; the production of dreams during REM sleep; the perception of most aspects of musical stimuli; and the comprehension and expression of prosodic, melodic, visual, facial, and verbal emotion. When the right hemisphere is damaged a variety of cognitive abnormalities may result, including hemiinattention and neglect, prosopagnosia, constructional apraxia, visualperceptual disturbances, and agnosia for environmental, musical, and emotional sounds. Similarly, a myriad of affective abnormalities may occur, including indifference, depression, hysteria, gross social‐emotional disinhibition, florid manic excitement, childishness, euphoria, impulsivity, and abnormal sexual behavior. Patients may become delusional, engage in the production of bizzare confabulations and experience a host of somatic disturbances such as pain and body‐perceptual distortions. Based on studies of normal and “split‐brain” functioning, it also appears that the right hemisphere maintains a highly developed social‐emotional mental system and can independentyly perceive, recall and act on certain memories and experiences without the aid or active reflective participation of the left. This leads to situations in which the right and left halves of the brain sometime act in an uncoopertive fashion, which gives rise to inter‐manual and intrapsychic conflicts.

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“…These hypotheses suggest an over-/dysfunction of the left hemisphere in schizophrenia and of the right in depres sion. Although new experimental evidence has been pre sented [Guenther et al, 1986;Gur et al, 1983Gur et al, , 1985Mihirisa et al, 1983;Morstyn et al, 1983;Sheppard et al, 1983;Kurachi et al, 1985] the issue remains unre solved [Ariel et al, 1983;Berman et al, 1986;Connolly et al, 1985;Merriam and Gardner, 1987;Post et al, 1987;Tomer etal., 1982;Weinberger et al, 1986]. How ever, findings even of biochemical asymmetries in post mortem brains might fit into the lateralization concepts [Reynolds, 1983;Reynolds et al, 1987], Starting from these concepts the present trial compared the efficacy of putatively right as opposed to left hemispheric training adjunctive to pharmacotherapy hypothesizing that the outcome would be better following right hemispheric training in depression and the converse in schizophre nia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Training Adjunctive to Pharmacotherapy in Schizophrenia and Depression: A Pilot Study on the Lateralization Hypothesis of Schizophrenia and Depression and on Cognitive Therapy as Adjunctive to Pharmacotherapy

Fritze¹,

Forthner²,

Schmitt³

et al. 1988

Neuropsychobiology

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Although controversial, evidence from various experimental sources suggests a dysfunction/overactivity of the hemisphere dominant for speech – usually the left – in schizophrenia and of the other one in depression. Based on these lateralization hypotheses and on the dependency of regional cerebral blood flow on regional neuronal activity, the concept of pharmacopsychotherapy was proposed. The present double-blind pilot study tried to test this concept by cognitive training procedures tentatively relevant to the mechanisms of information processing of the left (analytical) and right (holistic) hemisphere, respectively. It was hypothesized that the outcome of patients putatively trained in mechanisms of the right hemisphere might be superior to that of those trained left in depression and the converse in schizophrenia. This hypothesis could not be verified. Apparent differences in the outcome of depressives were attributable to differences of independent variables (age, seriousness of illness).

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Corpus callosum function in schizophrenia: A neuropsychological assessment of interhemispheric information processing

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

Abandoning the concept of ‘schizophrenia‘: Some implications of validity arguments for psychological research into psychotic phenomena

Abandoning the concept of ‘schizophrenia‘: Some implications of validity arguments for psychological research into psychotic phenomena

The right cerebral hemisphere: Emotion, music, visual-spatial skills, body-image, dreams, and awareness

Cognitive Training Adjunctive to Pharmacotherapy in Schizophrenia and Depression: A Pilot Study on the Lateralization Hypothesis of Schizophrenia and Depression and on Cognitive Therapy as Adjunctive to Pharmacotherapy

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