Coronavirus Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Utilizes Chemokine Interleukin-8 to Facilitate Viral Replication by Regulating Ca ²⁺ Flux

Abstract

Coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious enteric coronavirus that caused severe economic losses worldwide, and more effort is needed to develop economical and efficient vaccines to control or eliminate this disease. The chemokine interleukin-8 (CXCL8/IL-8) is indispensable for the activation and trafficking of inflammatory mediators and tumor progression and metastasis.

The chemokine receptor CCR5: multi-faceted hook for HIV-1

“…In all cases, this is an effective way to either evade immune selection or, on the opposite, to lead to a deleterious burst of the immune system (cytokine storm) [ 9 ]. This strategy is used by a wide variety of pathogens ranging from ticks [ 10 , 11 ], parasites [ 12 , 13 ] to bacteria [ 6 , 7 , 14 ] and viruses [ 15 – 30 ]. Among viruses, one can cite as examples Epstein-Barr viruses that encode a GPCR (BILF1) capable of forming a dimer with CXCR4 chemokine receptor thereby inhibiting its signaling but also human cytomegalovirus (CMV) that secretes a soluble chemokine receptor (pUL21.5) which binds selectively to the chemokine RANTES with very high affinity, blocking the interaction of RANTES with its cellular receptors (CCR5).…”