Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms, patient contacts, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positivity and seropositivity among healthcare personnel in a Maryland healthcare system

O’Hara, Lyndsay M.; Schrank, Gregory; Frisch, Melissa; Hogan, Regina; Deal, Kellie E; Harris, Anthony D.; Leekha, Surbhi; Program, Cdc Prevention Epicenters

doi:10.1017/ice.2021.373

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Our study suggests that community exposures are the most common source of COVID-19 among HCP [ 21 , 22 ]. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity has been associated with community exposures, but not with healthcare occupational exposures (ie, caring for patients with COVID-19, exposure to aerosol-generating procedures) [ 18 , 23–25 ]. In 1 study, the incidence of COVID-19 among nurses was the same in COVID-19 vs non–COVID-19 units after implementation of universal masking and eye protection [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Investigation to Identify Sources of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Among Healthcare Personnel in an Acute Care Hospital

Sansom

Barbian

Hayden

et al. 2022

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Background Identifying the source of healthcare personnel (HCP) COVID-19 is important to guide safety efforts. We used a combined whole genome sequencing (WGS) and epidemiologic approach to investigate the source of HCP COVID-19 at a tertiary-care center early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Remnant nasopharyngeal swab samples from HCP and patients with PCR-proven COVID-19 from a period with complete sample retention (March 14, 2020 to April 10, 2020) at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, IL underwent viral RNA extraction and WGS. Genomes with >90% coverage underwent cluster detection using a 2 single nucleotide variant genetic distance cutoff. Genomic clusters were evaluated for epidemiologic linkages, with strong linkages defined by evidence of time/location overlap. Results We analyzed 1031 sequences, identifying 49 clusters that included ≥1 HCP (265 patients, 115 HCP). Most HCP infections were not healthcare-associated (88/115, 76.5%). We did not identify any strong epidemiologic linkages for patient-to-HCP transmission. Thirteen HCP cases (11.3%) were attributed to a potential patient source (weak evidence involving non-clinical staff that lacked location data to prove or disprove contact with patients in same cluster). Fourteen HCP cases (12.2%) were attributed to HCP source (11 with strong evidence). Conclusion Using genomic and epidemiologic data, we found that most HCP SARS-CoV-2 infections were not healthcare associated. We did not find strong evidence of patient-to-HCP transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Investigation to Identify Sources of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Among Healthcare Personnel in an Acute Care Hospital

Sansom

Barbian

Hayden

et al. 2022

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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“…Existing evidence indicates that young children are often asymptomatic carriers, so they can spread the coronavirus to family and community members without manifesting clinical symptoms. This sustains the invisible transmission of the virus in the community, indicating that COVID-19 transmission in schools is associated with community transmission (5,6,15). Moreover, young people and those who spent their time in the school environment are relevant for COVID-19 prevention and control (5,11,15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Low-and middle-income countries are profoundly affected because of deficient medical equipment and fundamental supplies for victims resulting in a disastrous loss of life (12,13). As of 19 December 2021, COVID-19 has affected over 222 countries and territories, with over 274,583,552 confirmed cases and over 5,368,198 deaths. In Ethiopia, there were 375,810 COVID-19 cases and 6,861 deaths till 19 December 2021 (14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it greatly impacts countries' wellbeing and results in increased healthcare costs, unemployment, reduction in remittances, food insecurity, loss of income, school absenteeism, and so on (13). Schools were closed in different countries as safety measures to prevent and stop the spread of the virus (5,11,14). As a result, more than 26 million students were affected in Ethiopia, and feeding programs in schools for ∼1 million children across multiple regions of the country stopped (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, through gradual assessment, as the impact of COVID-19 is likely to stay over an extended period, the government decided to re-open schools by ensuring safety protocols, such as maintaining physical distance both inside and outside of the classroom; reducing student size per class; consistent use of face masks and frequent hand washing with soap and water; regular screening for symptoms of COVID-19; provision of regular health education, cleaning and disinfection, adequate ventilation, and spacing of desks or grouping of children if required; and availability of necessary resources (5,11,14,15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 self-protective practices and associated factors among secondary school students in Jimma town, Jimma, Oromia, Southwest Ethiopia

Birhanu

Tesfaye

Tareke

2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundSince there is limited evidence regarding COVID-19 self-protective practices among school students, this study assessed COVID-19 self-protective practices and associated factors among secondary school students.MethodsA school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma town, Oromia regional state, Southwest Ethiopia from 25 May 2021 to 10 June 2021. The total sample size was 634, and students were randomly selected from public and private secondary schools. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The data were entered into Epidata 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software. Descriptive statistics, such as proportion and mean, were computed to describe the findings. The composite index was computed for each dimension. A linear regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of self-protective practice. A local polynomial smoothing graph was done using Stata 12 software to visualize the relationship between a significant variable and an outcome variable.ResultsA total of 576 respondents participated in this study, which made a response rate of 90.85%. The mean score for overall knowledge was 31.40 (SD ±8.65). Knowledge about COVID-19 symptoms and preventive practices had a mean score of 23.93 and 45.96, respectively. The mean scores for perceived vulnerability, severity, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and school support were 26.37, 33.21, 43.13, 16.15, 33.38, and 25.45, respectively. The mean score for self-protective practice was 28.38 (SD ±11.04). As perceived benefit (AOR = 0.199, p = 0.000, 95% CI: 0.094–0.304), perceived school support (AOR = 0.125, p = 0.009, 95% CI: 0.032–0.218), and self-efficacy (AOR = 0.186, p = 0.000, 95% CI: 0.102–0.270) increased, COVID-19 self-protective practices also increased and vice versa. However, age (AOR = −0.873, p = 0.006, 95% CI = −1.495, −0.251), perceived vulnerability (AOR = −0.107, p = 0.021; 95% CI = −0.199, −0.016), and maternal educational status (no formal education) (AOR = −5.395, p = 0.000, 95% CI = −7.712 to 3.077) had negatively associated with self-protective practices.ConclusionCOVID-19 self-protective practice is unsatisfactory. Perceived benefit, perceived school support, and self-efficacy are positively associated with it. However, students' age, perceived vulnerability, and maternal educational status (no formal education) were negatively associated with COVID-19 self-protective measures among secondary school students. The findings underscore that there is a need to conduct risk communications among students. Similarly, awareness creation intervention should target mothers with no formal education.

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Risk and protective factors for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among healthcare workers: A test-negative case–control study in Québec, Canada

Carazo

Villeneuve

Laliberté

et al. 2022

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

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Objectives: In Quebec, Canada, we evaluated the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with: 1) the demographic and employment characteristics among healthcare workers (HCWs); and 2) the workplace and household exposures and the infection prevention and control (IPC) measures among patient-facing HCWs. Design: Test-negative case-control study Setting: Provincial health system Participants: HCWs with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosed between November 15, 2020 and May 29, 2021 (cases) were compared to HCWs with compatible symptoms but testing negative during the same period (controls). Methods: Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of infection were estimated using regression logistic models evaluating demographic and employment characteristics (all 4919 cases and 4803 controls) or household and workplace exposures and IPC measures (2046 patient-facing cases and 1362 controls). Results: COVID-19 risk was associated with working as housekeeping staff (aOR=3.6), patient support assistants (aOR=1.9) and nursing staff (aOR=1.4) (compared to administrative staff), being unexperienced (aOR=1.5) and working in private seniors’ homes (aOR=2.1) and long-term care (aOR=1.5) facilities (compared to acute-care hospitals). Among patient-facing HCWs, exposure to a household contact was reported by 9% of cases and was associated with the highest risk of infection (aOR=7.8). Most infections were likely attributable to the more frequent exposure to infected patients (aOR=2.7) and coworkers (aOR=2.2). Wearing a N95 respirator during contacts with COVID-19 patients (aOR=0.7) and vaccination (aOR=0.2) were the measures associated with a risk reduction. Conclusion: In the context of the ever-changing SARS-CoV-2 virus with increasing transmissibility, measures to ensure HCWs’ protection, including vaccination and respiratory protection, and patients’ safety will need ongoing evaluation.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms, patient contacts, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positivity and seropositivity among healthcare personnel in a Maryland healthcare system

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Genomic Investigation to Identify Sources of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Among Healthcare Personnel in an Acute Care Hospital

Genomic Investigation to Identify Sources of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Among Healthcare Personnel in an Acute Care Hospital

COVID-19 self-protective practices and associated factors among secondary school students in Jimma town, Jimma, Oromia, Southwest Ethiopia

Risk and protective factors for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among healthcare workers: A test-negative case–control study in Québec, Canada

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