Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in water environments: Current status, challenges and research opportunities

Ihsanullah, Ihsanullah; Bilal, Muhammad; Naushad, Mu.

doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101735

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…This study is the first evidence that SARS-CoV-2 may find its ways to groundwater through possible leaching and infiltrations of effluents from health care facilities, sewage, solid landfill and drainage water, as well as leakages from sewage pipes, as hypothesized by Ihsanullah et al (2021). This finding derives in two different lectures.…”

Section: Environmental and Public Health Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Until now, there is no evidence and enough data to confirm if the water or wastewater containing SARS-CoV-2 could be the potential source of its transmission. Some studies predicted a low risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via wastewater (Chin et al, 2020; Rimoldi et al, 2020; Ihsanullah et al, 2021), but the investigations in this topic are still in an early phase. Future research should be oriented towards the understanding of the fate of the virus in different water environments, factors which are favorable and unfavorable for its development, and the potential exposure risk of water contaminated with this virus in its different variants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current knowledge is that the main transmission between people occurs though respiratory droplets (diameter >5-10 µm) produced by infected individuals when coughing or sneezing (Chan, Yuan et al 2020; Li et al 2020; WHO, 2020b). Regarding the presence and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, there is sufficient evidence that indicates that wastewaters may contain both RNA fragments and viable particles of SARS-CoV-2 (Langone et al, 2020; Ihsanullah et al, 2021). A study in stool samples suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 may replicate for 11 days in the gastrointestinal tract of patients even after samples from the respiratory tract are becoming negative (Wu et al 2020a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several authors have hypothesized potential routes in water environments, so far there exists little evidence of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in freshwaters (La Rosa et al 2020b; Ihsanullah et al (2021). Water safety starts with the protection of water resources in the catchment, therefore it is mandatory to prevent surface and groundwaters from coming into contact with fecal material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in different freshwater environments in urban settings determined by RT-qPCR: implications for water safety

Mahlknecht

Alonso-Padilla

Ramos

et al. 2021

Preprint

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This is the first study focused on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in different freshwater environments of an urban setting. Groundwater and surface water reservoirs for drinking water as well as water from receiving rivers of Monterrey Metropolitan Area were sampled repeatedly during a peak phase between October 2020 and January 2021, and the virus RNA was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Forty-four percent of groundwater samples demonstrated detectable virus loads between 2.9 and 5.6 copies/ml. A significant correlation with sucralose concentration in groundwater reaffirmed the hypothesis of leaching and infiltration of effluents from surface and/or failing sewage pipes, and emphases the importance of water disinfection. Thirteen percent of surface water dam samples tested positive, with values varying between 3.3 and 3.8 copies/ml. Finally, 21% of river samples marked positive for viral RNA, with concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 7.0 copies/ml. Raw wastewater samples taken in the same period show viral loads of up to 3535 copies/ml, demonstrating a dilution effect and/or efficiency of wastewater facilities. Variations of viral loads over time and at sub-metropolitan level in groundwater and surface water in general reflects the reported variation of infections for Monterrey.

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Section: Environmental and Public Health Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in different freshwater environments in urban settings determined by RT-qPCR: implications for water safety

Mahlknecht

Alonso-Padilla

Ramos

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The efforts to utilize wastewater surveillance to control the disease has already been made throughout the world, for instance, in China (Bar-Or et al 2020 ), Australia (Ahmed et al 2020 ), Netherlands (Medema et al 2020 ), Japan (Haramoto et al 2020 ), Turkey (Kocamemi et al 2020 ), and France (Wurtzer et al 2020 ). Several reviews have already been published (Saawarn and Hait 2020 ; Hasan et al 2021 ; Ihsanullah et al 2021 ; Zhou et al 2021 ). The wastewater approach has scarcely been studied in Arabic countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Municipal wastewater viral pollution in Saudi Arabia: effect of hot climate on COVID-19 disease spreading

Alahdal

Ameen

Alyahya

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The viral RNA of SARS-Coronavirus-2 is known to be contaminating municipal wastewater. We aimed to assess if COVID-19 disease is spreading through wastewater. We studied the amount of viral RNA in raw sewage and the efficiency of the sewage treatment to remove the virus. Sewage water was collected before and after the activated sludge process three times during summer 2020 from three different sewage treatment plants. The sewage treatment was efficient in removing SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA. Each sewage treatment plant gathered wastewater from one hospital, of which COVID-19 admissions were used to describe the level of disease occurrence in the area. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA–specific target genes (N1, N2, and E) was confirmed using RT-qPCR analysis. However, hospital admission did not correlate significantly with viral RNA. Moreover, viral RNA loads were relatively low, suggesting that sewage might preserve viral RNA in a hot climate only for a short time.

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Diving boldly into COVID‐19 contaminated wastewater: Eyes at nanotechnology‐assisted solutions

Al‐Hazmi,

Kot‐Wasik,

Shokrani

et al. 2023

Clinical and Translational Dis

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Several studies have been directed to find scalable, swift, accurate, and costeffective strategies for detecting, monitoring, and treating coronavirus disease 2019 . Indeed, the lack of a fast and practical method for detecting the infected regions makes decision-making challenging to combat the critical pandemic-struck situations. The probable 'wrong', or rather inadequate, decisions not only have a boomerang effect on the economy but also can lead to an increase in the number of infected individuals, degree of hospitalization,This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in water environments: Current status, challenges and research opportunities

Cited by 23 publications

References 122 publications

The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in different freshwater environments in urban settings determined by RT-qPCR: implications for water safety

The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in different freshwater environments in urban settings determined by RT-qPCR: implications for water safety

Municipal wastewater viral pollution in Saudi Arabia: effect of hot climate on COVID-19 disease spreading

Diving boldly into COVID‐19 contaminated wastewater: Eyes at nanotechnology‐assisted solutions

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