Cornification

Eckhart, Leopold

doi:10.1002/9781119432463.ch9

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Therefore, pigeon milk was supposed to be built upon the ability of bird keratinocytes to accumulate lipids at a very high turnover rate during the cornification process, followed by desquamation in the lactating tissue ( Gillespie et al., 2011 , 2013 ). Keratinocyte cornification is a mode of programmed cell death that is intimately linked to changes at the cell surface and in the milieu surrounding the cell under the conditions of inflammation, wound healing, or stress hormones ( Galand and Vandenhende, 2010 ; Eckhart, 2018 ). In mammals, cornification upon the removal of cell organelles finally induces cell desquamation from the epidermis ( Eckhart et al., 2013 ), and the whole process is accompanied with notable cell apoptosis that involves the activity of caspase family members ( Demerjian et al., 2008 ; Erman et al., 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Akt activation on apoptosis-related gene expression in the crop tissues of male and female pigeons (Columba livia)

et al. 2021

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The current study investigated whether the expression of apoptosis genes in the pigeon crops was affected by the Akt signaling pathway during crop milk formation. First, 78 pairs of adult White King pigeons were randomly assigned to 7 groups, and the expression of apoptosis-related genes and Akt signaling pathway-related proteins in the crop tissues during different breeding stages were examined. The results showed that the mRNA levels of Bak, caspase-3, caspase-6, and caspase-9 in female crops all increased and reached their highest levels at d 17 of incubation ( I17 ). In male crops, the levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 gene expression peaked at d 1 of chick rearing ( R1 ). The lowest level of Bcl-2 gene expression in females was observed at I17. The expression ratios of p-Akt (Ser473)/Akt and p-Akt (Thr308)/Akt in male crops decreased to their minimum at R1, while it was observed at d 7 of chick rearing ( R7 ) in females. Second, 36 pairs of adult pigeons were divided into 3 groups and were subjected to SC79 injections with dosages of 0, 0.02, or 0.04 mg/kg bodyweight. The SC79 injections resulted in a considerable decrease in growth performance of pigeon squabs. In male crops, the expression ratios of p-Akt (Ser473)/Akt and p-Akt (Thr308)/Akt were significantly elevated in the 0.02 mg/kg SC79 group, while in female crops, they were higher in the 0.04 mg/kg SC79 group ( P < 0.05). The SC79 injection inhibited the gene expression of Bak in female crops, but enhanced the gene expression of Bcl-2 in both male and female crops. In the 0.04 mg/kg SC79 group, a 50.7 to 75.7% decrease was observed in the expression of caspase-3, caspase-6, and caspase-9 in male and female pigeon crops. Expression of the caspase-8 gene and total Akt protein in pigeon crops was not changed in different breeding stages or after SC79 injection. In conclusion, the expression of genes related to mitochondria-dependent apoptosis can be regulated by the Akt signaling pathway, which may play a potential role in pigeon milk formation.

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