Cord Blood Vitamin D Status Impacts Innate Immune Responses

Abstract

Cord blood vitamin D deficiency, by its effects on TLR-induced antimicrobial production, altered in vitro monocyte responses. The observation that exogenous 25(OH)D(3) in vitro recovered TLR-induced antimicrobial responses suggests the need for additional prospective investigations to further delineate the role of vitamin D in the newborn immune response.

Maternal and infant vitamin D status during the first 9 months of infant life—a cohort study

“…In addition, one has to be aware that in the fetus PTH and calcium levels is probably of minor importance to circulating levels of 1,25(OH)2D, as 1,25(OH)2D levels primarily depend on the maternal supply of 25OHD. 44,45 During follow-up, the main determinant of plasma PTH was infant body weight, which probably reflects an increased need for calcium with skeletal growth as the infants' own parathyroid glands are taking over following birth. [46][47][48][49] However, our data do not exclude that plasma PTH per se may exert an effect on growth and body weight.…”

Vitamin D Efficiency in Pregnancy: An Updated Viewpoint in Indian Scenario

“…Also maternal serum 25(OH) D < 30 ng/mL during early pregnancy has been associated with a two-fold increased risk of periodontal disease [54]. Vitamin D status in infant cord blood has been related to the innate immune response via toll-like receptor-mediated synthesis of antimicrobial peptides like cathelicidin [55]. The risk of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in the first year of life is increased by six-fold in infants with cord blood 25(OH) D < 20 ng/mL compared with infants with 25(OH) D > 30 ng/mL.…”

The Emerging Role of Vitamin D3 in Women’s Health

“…There are different deficiency levels. The risk of rickets increases significantly when the total circulating 25(OH)D falls below 10 ng/mL (25 nmol/L), whereas cathelicidin mRNA expression as a marker of immune function continues to be suppressed until 25(OH)D circulating levels reach at least 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L) [7]. The recently revised Institute of Medicine's (IOM) 2010 criterion for Vit D deficiency of total circulating 25(OH)D is \20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L), Optimal serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3 are at or above 30 ng/mL (C75 nmol/L), and Vit D toxicity is present when levels are at or above 150 ng/mL (374 nmol/L) [8].…”