Copro-prevalence and risk factor assessment of gastrointestinal parasitism in Indian domestic pigs

Sharma, Dipika; Singh, Nirbhay Kumar; Singh, Harkirat; Rath, S. S.

doi:10.2478/helm-2020-0011

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Finishing pigs need a clean breeding environment to reduce their contact with coccidia oocysts. Our research revealed that the point estimates of coccidia prevalence were slightly higher in sows than in boars [ 17 , 42 ], but the differences were not significant ( P < 0.05), as reported elsewhere [ 42 ]. Schwarz et al noted that sows might confer piglet resistance to C. suis through lactation [ 41 ]; however, another study pointed out that coccidiosis infection in piglets might originate from oocysts introduced into the farrowing bed by the sow [ 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…In the season subgroups, the prevalence of coccidia in the spring and summer was twofold higher than that in autumn and winter, which indicates that coccidia infection is related to temperature and humidity. Coccidia infection might occur throughout the year, but the incidence of coccidia in pigs is significantly higher under conditions of high temperature and high rainfall [ 12 , 42 ]. Based on these findings, deworming procedures should be strengthened during the spring and summer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of coccidia in domestic pigs in China between 1980 and 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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Background Swine coccidiosis, a protozoan disease caused by coccidia, can result in diarrhoea and weight loss in piglets and even economic losses in the pig industry. Here, we report the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of coccidia (including Eimeria spp. and Cystoisospora suis) in pigs in China. Methods Five databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Chinese Web of Knowledge, Wanfang, and Chongqing VIP) were searched and 50 studies (46,926 domestic pigs, 22 provinces) ultimately identified pertaining to the prevalence of coccidia infection from 1980 to 2019. We incorporated the effect size using the random-effects model in the “meta” package in R software and conducted univariate and multivariate meta-regression analyses using a mixed-effects model. Results The pooled prevalence rate of coccidia in pigs was 21.9%, including the C. suis infection rate of 9.1%. The highest prevalence of coccidia (39.6%) was found in northwest China, and this region also presented the lowest prevalence of C. suis (4.7%). In the subgroup analysis based on sampling year, the highest prevalence of coccidia was detected in 2001 or earlier (32.6%), whereas the lowest rate was found in 2012 or later (14.3%). An opposite trend was observed for C. suis (5.5% in 2000 or earlier vs 14.4% in 2000 or later). The prevalence of coccidia in extensive farming systems (29.5%) was higher than that in intensive farming systems (17.3%). In contrast, the point estimate of C. suis prevalence was lower in the extensive farming systems (5.1%) than in the intensive farming systems (10.0%), but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). Among the four age categories, the highest total coccidia prevalence (26.2%) was found in finishing pigs, followed by suckling piglets (19.9%), whereas the highest prevalence of C. suis (14.9%) was observed in suckling piglets. Conclusions Our findings suggest that coccidia infection in Chinese pigs is common, although the prevalence of C. suis in pigs does not receive sufficient attention. We recommend the rational use of anticoccidial drugs to avoid drug resistance and the development of preventive and control measures for C. suis to reduce the incidence of swine coccidiosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of coccidia in domestic pigs in China between 1980 and 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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“…Most of the household rears two to ten locally available indigenous breed Sus domesticus (“Chwanche” in the Nepali language; Figure 2) under scavenging management (Pant, 2017) at the backyard of their house (Associate Professor Dr. Nirajan Bhattarai, Department of Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal: personal communications). Pigs were categorized into suckling and weaner (piglets <4 months), growers (4–8 months), and adults (>8 months) groups as previously described (Sharma et al., 2020). The inclusion criteria of the survey farms were accessibility of the farms and voluntary participation of the pig farmers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal parasites of indigenous pigs (Sus domesticus) in south‐central Nepal

Adhikari

Dhakal

Thapa

et al. 2021

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background Intestinal parasites have a significant impact on productivity of pigs. Additionally, presence of zoonotic parasites in pig faeces used as fertilizer and ingestion of raw or undercooked pork products originated from parasite‐infested pigs pose a risk to human health. Objectives The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in indigenous pigs (Sus domesticus) maintained under traditional rearing system in Nepal. Methods Fresh faecal samples (n = 100) were collected from the pigs of varying age and sex maintained in 18 small‐scale farms in south‐central Nepal. Samples were processed using various standard methods and examined for parasite eggs, cysts or oocysts. Results Prevalence of GI parasites in indigenous pigs was 91%, comprising of 14 different genera of protozoans and helminths. Male pigs generally had a higher (97.5%) prevalence of GI parasites than females (87%). While 90% of the suckling and weaner piglets were positive for the GI parasites, all growers and 85% the adult pigs were infected with the parasites. Entamoeba spp. were the primary protozoans in all age groups. Strongyloides sp. was more prevalent helminths in suckling and weaner piglets, whereas Ascarid spp. were higher in both growers and adults. Triplet infection was higher (33.3%) in suckling and weaner piglets, while quadruplet and pentuplet infections were higher (p < .05) among growers (46.7%) and adults (30%), respectively. Conclusions The indigenous pigs harbour a higher prevalence and greater diversity of GI parasites. GI parasitism varies by sex and age of the pigs.

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“…Parasitism exists widely in fauna and flora. 28,29 A parasitic relationship can be considered as a mechanism in which the host is the output link and the parasite has a passive DOF. Thus, the DOF of a mechanism can be analyzed by considering it as a tree-rattan parasitic relationship or as a tree-rattan mechanism.…”

Section: Tree-rattan Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

A host–parasite structural analysis of industrial robots

Wei

Cai

Gong

et al. 2020

International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems

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Most driving torques in serial industrial robots are used to overcome the weight of the robot. Although actuators account for a large proportion of the total mass of a robot, they have yet to become a positive factor that enables the robot to achieve gravity balance. This study presents a host–parasite structure to reconstruct the distribution of actuators and achieve gravity balance in robots. First, based on the characteristics of tree–rattan mechanisms, a method for calculating the degrees of freedom and a symbolic representation method for the distribution of branched chains are formulated for host–parasite mechanisms. Second, a configuration analysis and optimization method for host–parasite structure-based robots and a robot prototype are presented. Finally, four host–parasite mechanisms/robots (A, B, C, and D) are compared. The results are as follows. If more parasitic branched chains are added to the yz plane, the loads along axes 2 and 3 become more balanced, which significantly increases the stiffnesses of the mechanism in the y- and z-directions ( Ky and Kz, respectively). If the additional branched chains are closer to the site of maximum deformation, the stiffness of the mechanism in the z-direction ( Kz) increases more significantly. Of the four mechanisms, mechanism D has the best overall performance. The joint torques of mechanism D along axes 2 and 3 are lower than those of mechanism A by 99.78% and 99.18%, respectively. In addition, Kx, Ky, and Kz of mechanism D are 100.56%, 336.19%, and 385.02% of those of mechanism A, respectively. Moreover, the first-order natural frequency of mechanism D is 135.94% of that of mechanism A. Host–parasitic structure is conducive to improving the performance of industrial robots.

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Copro-prevalence and risk factor assessment of gastrointestinal parasitism in Indian domestic pigs

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Prevalence of coccidia in domestic pigs in China between 1980 and 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence of coccidia in domestic pigs in China between 1980 and 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Gastrointestinal parasites of indigenous pigs (Sus domesticus) in south‐central Nepal

A host–parasite structural analysis of industrial robots

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