Copolymerization.

Mayo, Frank R.; Walling, Cheves

doi:10.1021/cr60144a001

Cited by 265 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(212 reference statements)

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“…The copolymerization data for this monomer system are given in Table 1. When COPOINT program was used to treat the experimental data, the reactivity ratios 1.428 < r 1 ¼ 1.784 < 2.213 and 0.623 < r 2 ¼ 0.635 < 0.648 were obtained using Mayo-Lewis equation 18 (terminal model). Let us note that the error intervals of each copolymerization parameter were established using a statistical method implemented into As expected, all used methods gave slightly different results; however, the difference does not seem to be substantial.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical copolymers of 2-(trimethylsilyloxy)ethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate synthesized by ATRP

Ritz

Látalová

Křı́ž

et al. 2008

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical copolymers of 2-(trimethylsilyloxy)ethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate synthesized by ATRP

Ritz

Látalová

Křı́ž

et al. 2008

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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“…I t will be noted that in copolymerizations with butadiene or styrene with acrylonitrile (11) there is a greater tendency for these monomers to form a radical more reactive towards acrylonitrile than to themselves, whereas acrylonitrile also forms a radical and more reactive towards butadiene or styrene than to acrylonitrile. Such a situation would cause the polymer chain t o tend to alternate between acrylonitrile and butadiene or styrene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional Heterogeneity of Butadiene–acrylonitrile Copolymers Prepared in Emulsion at 5°c

Embree¹,

Mitchell²,

Williams³

1951

Can. J. Chem.

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The copolymerization of b~rtadiene and acrylonitrile is very similar to the copolymerization of butadiene and styrene. Polymers predominantly butadiene may be studied by conventional solution techniques but the study of polymers rich in acrylonitrile requires improved solvents for these materials. Polymerization rates are greatest for monomer ratios approximating equal proportions. The mercaptan modilier disappears much more slowly than in the b~~tadiene-styrene system, the regulating index approximating unity. The n~unber average molecular weights calculated from the mercaptan disappearance curves indicate uniform polymer molecular weights to relatively high conversions after which there is a decrease. T h e viscosity data indicate a rise in viscosity \vith conversion, which elfect is overcome for charges rich in acrylonitrile by the lessening of branching, the more rapid disappearance of mcrcaptan a t high conversion, and the tendency of polymers containing over 50% acrylonitrile to show very low dilute s o l~~t i o n viscosities in the solvents tested. Viscosity molecular weights have been calculated and estimates of the molecular weight tlistributjon made. These distributions appear to be quite narrow and the ~~s u a l broaden~ng a t higher conversions is prevented by tlre increased nrodiher consun~ption and increased vinyl content of the poly~ner prepared with 50 parts acrylonitrile in the charge. The bountl acrylonitrile has been determined a t various conversions and the reactivity ratios have been found to be r, = 0 . 2 s and r2 = 0.02 for emulsions and rl = 0. 18 and r? = 0.03 for oil phase portion only. Q is 0.74 and e is 1.17 as calculated by the Alfrey-Price equations.

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“…Different types of copolymerization behavior are observed depending on the reactivity ratios of monomers [4]. Copolymerizations can be classified into three types: (1) r 1 r 2 ¼ 1, (2) r 1 r 2 \1, (3) r 1 r 2 [ 1.…”

Section: Types Of Copolymerization Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two different approaches have been used to derive expressions for the rate of copolymerization basis on how the termination reactions are proceeded: (1) by chemical control [4] or (2) by diffusion control [9]. For the first approach, the copolymerization consists of four propagation reactions and three termination reactions…”

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confidence: 99%

Chain Copolymerization

2013

Lecture Notes in Chemistry

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Copolymers [1,2] contain two or more repeating monomer structures in the polymer chain. The copolymer can be synthesized by chain polymerization using two or more type of monomers. It is called chain copolymerization. The process can be depicted asThe amount of each monomer in the copolymer is determined by their relative concentration and reactivities. The simultaneous chain polymerization can also be carried out with more than two type of monomers. Such polymerizations are generally referred to as multicomponent copolymerizations; the term terpolymerization is specifically used for systems of three kind of monomers. Copolymerization allows the synthesis of an almost unlimited number of different products by variations in the chemical structure and relative amounts of two monomer units or higher in the copolymer product. Thus, polymer can be tailor made into product with specifically desired properties. Most of commercial polymers are copolymers. Copolymers are different from polymer blends. Polymer blends are that polymers mixed physically without chemical bonds. Whereas copolymers are that polymers contain more than one kind of monomer repeating unit.There are three different types of copolymer structures-alternating, block, and graft. The alternating copolymer (I) contains the two monomer units in equimolar amounts in a regular alternating distribution:Copolymers are named by following the prefix poly with the names of the two repeating units. The copolymer is specified by inserting -alt-for alternate, -stat-for statistic, or -ran-for random in between the names of the two repeating units, butco-is used for nonspecific copolymer. A block copolymer (II) is a linear copolymer with one or more long uninterrupted sequences of each polymeric species.

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Copolymerization.

Cited by 265 publications

References 111 publications

Statistical copolymers of 2-(trimethylsilyloxy)ethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate synthesized by ATRP

Statistical copolymers of 2-(trimethylsilyloxy)ethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate synthesized by ATRP

Compositional Heterogeneity of Butadiene–acrylonitrile Copolymers Prepared in Emulsion at 5°c

Chain Copolymerization

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