Coordination of apical and basal embryo development revealed by tissue-specific GNOM functions

Wolters, Hanno; Anders, Nadine; Geldner, Niko; Gavidia, Richard; Jürgens, Gerd

doi:10.1242/dev.059147

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Some of the phenotypes observed in dcl1 embryos, such as early abnormal divisions of the hypophysis, absence of RAM, reduced hypocotyl, and fused or absent cotyledons, are consistent with auxin defects (Möller and Weijers, 2009). But even if reduced auxin can explain a number of the abnormalities observed in the mutants, it is certainly not the only contributor: unlike dcl1 mutants, severe auxin mutants such as gnom still preserve radial patterning (Wolters et al, 2011). And there is a big gap in our understanding of how miRNAs control auxin signaling and response during embryogenesis.…”

Section: Different Regions Of the Embryo Require Specific Levels Of Mmentioning

confidence: 89%

Global Regulation of Embryonic Patterning in Arabidopsis by MicroRNAs

et al. 2014

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The development of the embryo in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) involves a carefully controlled set of cell divisions and cell fate decisions that lead to a mature embryo containing shoot and root meristems and all basic tissue types. Over the last 20 years, a number of transcriptional regulators of embryonic patterning have been described, but little is known about the role of posttranscriptional regulators such as microRNAs (miRNAs). Previous work has centered on the study of null or very weak alleles of miRNA biosynthetic genes, but these mutants either arrest early in embryogenesis or have wild-type-looking embryos. Here, we significantly extend those analyses by characterizing embryos mutant for a strong hypomorphic allele of DICER-LIKE1 (dcl1-15). Our data demonstrate that miRNAs are required for the patterning of most regions of the embryo, with the exception of the protoderm. In mutant embryos with the most severe morphological defects, the majority of tissue identities are lost. Different levels of miRNAs appear to be required to specify cell fates in various regions of the embryo. The suspensor needs the lowest levels, followed by the root apical meristem and hypocotyl, cotyledons, and shoot apical meristem. Furthermore, we show that erecta acts as a suppressor of dcl1-15, a novel role for this signaling pathway in embryos. Our results also indicate that the regulation of the messenger RNA levels of miRNA targets involves not just the action of miRNAs but has a significant transcriptional component as well.

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Section: Different Regions Of the Embryo Require Specific Levels Of Mmentioning

confidence: 89%

Global Regulation of Embryonic Patterning in Arabidopsis by MicroRNAs

et al. 2014

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“…auxin transport and of hormone gradient formation (Geldner et al, 2004;Moriwaki et al, 2011;Wolters et al, 2011;Okumura et al, 2013). However, even in very severe gnom alleles, a substantial fraction of PIN proteins is still sorted to the plasma membrane, contrasting with the intracellular protein retention observed upon BFA treatment (Steinmann et al, 1999) and highlighting redundant BFA-sensitive sorting activities acting in addition to GNOM.…”

Section: From the Golgi To The Plasma Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of plant plasma membrane proteins: PINs and beyond

2014

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Plants are permanently situated in a fixed location and thus are well adapted to sense and respond to environmental stimuli and developmental cues. At the cellular level, several of these responses require delicate adjustments that affect the activity and steady-state levels of plasma membrane proteins. These adjustments involve both vesicular transport to the plasma membrane and protein internalization via endocytic sorting. A substantial part of our current knowledge of plant plasma membrane protein sorting is based on studies of PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin transport proteins, which are found at distinct plasma membrane domains and have been implicated in directional efflux of the plant hormone auxin. Here, we discuss the mechanisms involved in establishing such polar protein distributions, focusing on PINs and other key plant plasma membrane proteins, and we highlight the pathways that allow for dynamic adjustments in protein distribution and turnover, which together constitute a versatile framework that underlies the remarkable capabilities of plants to adjust growth and development in their ever-changing environment.

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“…Originally, identified as a Brefeldin A (BFA)-sensitive ARF-GEF, GNOM has been implicated in PM protein cycling between the PM and intracellular "BFAcompartments" (Geldner et al 2003;Richter et al 2010;Wolters et al 2011). Further analysis suggested roles in protein transcytosis (Kleine-Vehn et al 2008a) and, possibly in conjunction with VAN3/SCARFACE ARF GTPase activating protein (ARF-GAP; Koizumi et al 2005;Sieburth et al 2006), in regulation of endocytosis at the PM (Naramoto et al 2010).…”

Section: Endocytic Sorting Pathways In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma membrane protein ubiquitylation and degradation as determinants of positional growth in plants

Korbei

Luschnig

2013

J. Integr. Plant Biol.

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Being sessile organisms, plants evolved an unparalleled plasticity in their post-embryonic development, allowing them to adapt and finetune their vital parameters to an ever-changing environment. Crosstalk between plants and their environment requires tight regulation of information exchange at the plasma membrane (PM). Plasma membrane proteins mediate such communication, by sensing variations in nutrient availability, external cues as well as by controlled solute transport across the membrane border. Localization and steady-state levels are essential for PM protein function and ongoing research identified cis-and trans-acting determinants, involved in control of plant PM protein localization and turnover. In this overview, we summarize recent progress in our understanding of plant PM protein sorting and degradation via ubiquitylation, a post-translational and reversible modification of proteins. We highlight characterized components of the machinery involved in sorting of ubiquitylated PM proteins and discuss consequences of protein ubiquitylation on fate of selected PM proteins. Specifically, we focus on the role of ubiquitylation and PM protein degradation in the regulation of polar auxin transport (PAT). We combine this regulatory circuit with further aspects of PM protein sorting control, to address the interplay of events that might control PAT and polarized growth in higher plants.

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Coordination of apical and basal embryo development revealed by tissue-specific GNOM functions

Cited by 38 publications

References 55 publications

Global Regulation of Embryonic Patterning in Arabidopsis by MicroRNAs

Global Regulation of Embryonic Patterning in Arabidopsis by MicroRNAs

The dynamics of plant plasma membrane proteins: PINs and beyond

Plasma membrane protein ubiquitylation and degradation as determinants of positional growth in plants

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