Coordination and Solution Chemistry of the Metals: Biological, Medical and Environmental Relevance

Ruggiero, Christy E.

doi:10.1002/9780470976548.ch9

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 741 publications

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“…Al can interact with the side chains [105], some of which -serine, threonine and tyrosine -are phosphorylated, enabling phosphoregulation of enzyme activity and binding with other proteins. Al can disrupt all of these side chains and the processes dependent on them [106].…”

Section: Key Aspects Of Al Chemistry In Relation To Biological Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are there Negative CNS Impacts of Aluminum Adjuvants Used in Vaccines and Immunotherapy?

Shaw

Tomljenovic

2014

Immunotherapy

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In spite of a common view that aluminum (Al) salts are inert and therefore harmless as vaccine adjuvants or in immunotherapy, the reality is quite different. In the following article we briefly review the literature on Al neurotoxicity and the use of Al salts as vaccine adjuvants and consider not only direct toxic actions on the nervous system, but also the potential impact for triggering autoimmunity. Autoimmune and inflammatory responses affecting the CNS appear to underlie some forms of neurological disease, including developmental disorders. Al has been demonstrated to impact the CNS at every level, including by changing gene expression. These outcomes should raise concerns about the increasing use of Al salts as vaccine adjuvants and for the application as more general immune stimulants.

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Section: Key Aspects Of Al Chemistry In Relation To Biological Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are there Negative CNS Impacts of Aluminum Adjuvants Used in Vaccines and Immunotherapy?

Shaw

Tomljenovic

2014

Immunotherapy

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The isotopically labeled indium maltolate (InMal) is one of the compounds recently studied, along with its biodistribution, both in vitro and in vivo . The toxicity of indium compounds is poorly established, and although existing data indicate that indium is more toxic than gallium, toxicity in human (in particular teratogenicity) develops only at high levels of exposure …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34 The toxicity of indium compounds is poorly established, and although existing data indicate that indium is more toxic than gallium, toxicity in human (in particular teratogenicity) develops only at high levels of exposure. 35 Starting from these considerations and from the chemical properties of group IIIa metallic elements, indium(III) maltolate (InMal) and GaMal were synthesized and tested at increasing doses and incubation times for their in vitro ability of killing cancerous cells such as MDA-MB-231 in comparison to a non-neoplastic cell line, NIH-3T3. MDA-MB-231, a triple negative breast cancer cell line and a perfect model for chemotherapy, 36 was selected as one of the classic target of MTX.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indium/Gallium Maltolate Effects on Human Breast Carcinoma Cells: In Vitro Investigation on Cytotoxicity and Synergism with Mitoxantrone

et al. 2018

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In this study, we aimed to investigate in vitro whether the synthetized indium maltolate (InMal) and gallium maltolate (GaMal) could exert either a toxic effect toward breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 or an agonistic activity with mitoxantrone (MTX) in comparison to fibroblast cell line NIH-3T3. Both GaMal and InMal reduced viability of MDA-MB-231, and at a lesser extent of NIH3-T3, in a dose- and time-dependent mode, the outcome was more effective in comparison to MTX sole exposure. Both GaMal and InMal toxicity was reverted by iron citrate addition on NIH3-T3, not on MDA-MB-231, showing indirectly that gallium and indium’s mechanisms of action may include iron targeting. The agonistic activity against MDA-MB-231 survival was shown pretreating with 100 μM InMal for 24 h followed by medium exchange with MTX at 10 ng mL–1 or vice-versa but not with co-incubation of both compounds. In particular, InMal pretreating resulted more protective to MTX subsequent exposure.

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“…Al can interact with the side chains [ 55 ], some of which—serine, threonine, and tyrosine—are phosphorylated, enabling phosphoregulation of enzyme activity and binding with other proteins. Al can disrupt all of these side chains and the processes dependent on them [ 56 ]. Cysteine, methionine, homocysteine, and glutathione contain sulfur, and they are intermediaries instrumental in methylation and transsulfuration pathways, as well as in heavy metal detoxification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminum-Induced Entropy in Biological Systems: Implications for Neurological Disease

Shaw

Seneff

Kette

et al. 2014

Journal of Toxicology

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Over the last 200 years, mining, smelting, and refining of aluminum (Al) in various forms have increasingly exposed living species to this naturally abundant metal. Because of its prevalence in the earth's crust, prior to its recent uses it was regarded as inert and therefore harmless. However, Al is invariably toxic to living systems and has no known beneficial role in any biological systems. Humans are increasingly exposed to Al from food, water, medicinals, vaccines, and cosmetics, as well as from industrial occupational exposure. Al disrupts biological self-ordering, energy transduction, and signaling systems, thus increasing biosemiotic entropy. Beginning with the biophysics of water, disruption progresses through the macromolecules that are crucial to living processes (DNAs, RNAs, proteoglycans, and proteins). It injures cells, circuits, and subsystems and can cause catastrophic failures ending in death. Al forms toxic complexes with other elements, such as fluorine, and interacts negatively with mercury, lead, and glyphosate. Al negatively impacts the central nervous system in all species that have been studied, including humans. Because of the global impacts of Al on water dynamics and biosemiotic systems, CNS disorders in humans are sensitive indicators of the Al toxicants to which we are being exposed.

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Coordination and Solution Chemistry of the Metals: Biological, Medical and Environmental Relevance

Cited by 7 publications

References 741 publications

Are there Negative CNS Impacts of Aluminum Adjuvants Used in Vaccines and Immunotherapy?

Are there Negative CNS Impacts of Aluminum Adjuvants Used in Vaccines and Immunotherapy?

Indium/Gallium Maltolate Effects on Human Breast Carcinoma Cells: In Vitro Investigation on Cytotoxicity and Synergism with Mitoxantrone

Aluminum-Induced Entropy in Biological Systems: Implications for Neurological Disease

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