Coordinated Control of Voltage and Frequency in a Three-Area Multisource System Integrated with SMES Using FOI-FOPDF Controller

Performance amelioration of concerted voltage‐frequency regulation of multiarea hybrid power systems under restructured pattern using electric vehicles and interline power flow controller

“…Last decade, a significant amount of work has been studied on unified LFC‐AVR operation of single and multiarea PSs 14‐33 . The authors in refs.…”

“…The authors in refs. 14‐30 studied single/two/three areas of PSs under the conventional scenario. They have considered various renewable energy sources based on power plants like wind turbines, 18 dish‐Stirling solar thermal plants, 23 geothermal power plants (GTPPs), 25 solar thermal power plants, 27 and so on, along with conventional energy sources like thermal, gas‐turbine, diesel plant, and so on.…”

“…Last decade, a significant amount of work has been studied on unified LFC-AVR operation of single and multiarea PSs. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] The authors in refs. 14-30 studied single/ two/three areas of PSs under the conventional scenario.…”

“…41 The cascade controller improved system dynamics performance over the oneloop controller owing to its extra tunable knobs. 24 Various cascade controllers such as cascade PDN and PIDN (CPDN-PIDN), 24 CFOPDN-FOPIDN, 25 FOI-FOPDF, 28 and CFOPDN-TID 30 have been implemented as an secondary controller of the combined LFC-AVR system. A novel cascade controller called PDN cascaded with FOTID with filter (CPDN-FOTIDN) is suggested as an auxiliary controller of LFC loop.…”

“…Sensitivity investigation has been accomplished to authenticate the robustness of optimized controller parameters at nominal system conditions against various system uncertainty. [22][23][24][25][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] The optimized parameters of suggested controller at nominal loading will be tested against various contract violations.…”