Cooperative Self-Navigation in a Mixed LOS and NLOS Environment

A Distributed Anchor Node Selection Algorithm Based on Error Analysis for Trilateration Localization

“…If the unknown node only selects anchor nodes on the ring, then will be reduced to = ⋅( 2 − 2 )/ 2 . On the other hand, it ensures that the distances between the unknown node and the three anchor nodes are as similar as possible, which also satisfies principle (3).…”

“…The expectation of the elements in Δ and Δ is 0. To compare the variance of the elements in Δ and Δ , we just need to compare (Δ 1 2 − Δ 3 2 ) and ((1/ )(Δ 1 2 − Δ 3 2 )). As (Δ 1 2 − Δ 3 2 ) = (8/45) 4 and ((1/ )(Δ 1 2 − Δ 3 2 )) = (8/(45 ⋅ 2 )) 4 , the variance of the elements in Δ is smaller than Δ ; we select triangle 1 2 3 to estimate the coordinates of .…”

“…On the one hand, the cost of node with GPS system will be two orders of magnitude higher than that of ordinary node [2]. On the other hand, according to the different applications, sensor nodes are often deployed in the interior, city buildings, or even forest environment, and satellite signals are easily affected by many factors such as multipath interference and occlusion [3]. The localization accuracy is poor or even affecting its usability.…”

An Advanced Auxiliary Delay-Weight Particle Filter with Linear Computation Cost

“…, (2) Generate samples { , ,̂= 0} =1 through a forward particle filter (like Algorithm 1). (3) if > Δ (4) for = 1 : (5)̂= (6) f o r = − 1 : − (7) f o r = 1 :̂=…”

“…Many researchers in [4][5][6] have utilized particle filter to track the mobile targets in wireless sensor networks. Obviously, the performance of particle filter algorithm has a great impact on the tracking accuracy.…”