Cooperative Effects in Solvent Swelling of a Bituminous Coal

Yun, Yongseung; Suuberg, Eric M.

doi:10.1021/ef9800157

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The observed behavior, in case of which kerogen is more effectively swollen by an equimolar solvent mixture than in the sequential exposure experiments, mirrors other results obtained by swelling coal with methylnaphthalene (a non-specifically interacting solvent, like benzene) and methanol (a specifically interacting solvent, like n-propanol). In these latter experiments, immediate exposure to the mixed solvent resulted in a higher asymptotic swelling than sequential exposure, regardless of which solvent was used for the initial swelling [25]. Such pathdependent swelling behavior is not unique to the cross-linked organic matter of fossil fuels.…”

Section: Swelling In Binary Mixtures Over the Whole Concentration Rangementioning

confidence: 93%

Solvent Swelling of Kukersite Oil Shale Macromolecular Organic Matter in Binary Mixtures: Impact of Specifically Interacting Solvents

Hruljova¹,

Savest²,

Yanchilin³

et al. 2014

Oil Shale

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The present work deals with the volumetric solvent swelling of the cross-linked macromolecular organic matter (kerogen) of Estonian kukersite oil shale in binary solvent mixtures. A two-step solvent swelling procedure was used in which swelling was performed first in one solvent followed by the addition of a second solvent. The results confirm the important role of specific interactions in determining the swelling behavior of this kerogen. The kerogen swells more in strong electron donor solvents that are able to break specific kerogen-kerogen interaction such as hydrogen bonds. When comparing the maximum swelling achieved, the binary solvent mixtures did not perform any better than strong electron donor solvents, regardless of how the experiments were conducted.

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Section: Swelling In Binary Mixtures Over the Whole Concentration Rangementioning

confidence: 93%

Solvent Swelling of Kukersite Oil Shale Macromolecular Organic Matter in Binary Mixtures: Impact of Specifically Interacting Solvents

Hruljova¹,

Savest²,

Yanchilin³

et al. 2014

Oil Shale

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show abstract

“…In this view, the covalently cross-linked three dimensional macromolecular network of the coal substance forms the 'immobile phase' and is host to a multitude of relatively small embedded 'guest' molecules of varying structures, which is known as the 'mobile phase'. [60][61][62] On the other hand, irreversible, thermal and cooperative effects observed in swelling 63,64 and extraction studies 65,66 were considered not to be compatible with this model and this led to the realization that, in addition to covalent bonds, non-covalent associative interactions also contribute to the cohesiveness of the organic material of the coal. The physically associated model of coal network structure was proposed as an alternative to the macromolecular model.…”

Section: Macromolecular Structure Of Coalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clean liquid fuels from direct coal liquefaction: chemistry, catalysis, technological status and challenges

Vasireddy

Morreale

Cugini

et al. 2011

Energy Environ. Sci.

334

209

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Increased demand for liquid transportation fuels coupled with gradual depletion of oil reserves and volatile petroleum prices have recently renewed interest in coal-to-liquids (CTL) technologies. Large recoverable global coal reserves can provide liquid fuels and significantly reduce dependence on oil imports. Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) converts solid coal (H/C ratio z 0.8) to liquid fuels (H/C ratio z 2) by adding hydrogen at high temperature and pressures in the presence or absence of catalyst. This review provides a comprehensive literature survey of the coal structure, chemistry and catalysis involved in direct liquefaction of coal. This report also touches briefly on the historical development and current status of DCL technologies. Key issues, challenges involved in DCL process and directions for the future research are also addressed.

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“…Coal extraction occurs when coal–solvent interactions become more effective than coal–coal interactions and this mostly starts with the swelling of coals. Solvent diffuses into the coal matrix and makes association with coal macromolecules, swelling it . Then solvent dissociates some coal molecules and diffuses out of the coal matrix and it reduces the degree of entanglement or cross-linking in coals.…”

Section: Solvent Extraction Of Coal Under Reflux Conditions At Atmosp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Separative Refining of Coals through Solvolytic Extraction under Milder Conditions: A Review

Sharma

Dhawan

2018

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Not only cleaning but refining of coal has become an area of utmost importance both industrially and academically because of stringent environmental norms being imposed globally for arresting the climate change. However, coal is a polluting fuel, therefore, there is a grave need of deep refining of coal to obtain ashless coal for increasing its efficiency of utilization in order to minimize its impact on environment. The presence of ash in coal also greatly reduces the coal utility because of its deleterious effect on the boiler parts and gasification equipment. Solvent extraction (organo-refining) techniques produce Super Clean Coal (SCC) or Ultra Clean Coal (UCC) with almost zero ash content. The utilization of the SCC in the Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Power Generation would increase the availability of this otherwise efficient and cleaner coal technology. Research work on different processes of solvent extraction of coal under varying conditions of temperature, pressure, and the nature of the solvent used and other parameters, their effect on the extraction yield have been discussed presently. Extraction of coal under milder ambient pressure conditions is desirable as this affords the recovery of coal without its fractionation, structural dislocations, or changes. The effect of the use of single solvent, mixture of two solvents (of solvent and cosolvent), i.e., synergism in enhancing the extraction yield under milder atmospheric pressure conditions have been reviewed. Utilization of high boiling solvents and coal derived solvents along with successive sequential solvent extractions for obtaining the enhanced extraction yields mainly under ambient pressure conditions have been discussed in the present paper. Hypercoal production under high pressure conditions, its characteristics, and utilization have also been described. Use of ionic liquids as potential solvents for coal extraction (especially of lignites) has also been discussed. Physical and chemical pretreatments greatly enhance the coal solvent extraction yield. Different potential uses of SCC such as in production of carbon nanotubes as a super clean fuel dust for car engines, synthesis of chemicals, etc. have been discussed. Separate discussion on nanotechnology of coals as related to solvent extraction of coal has also been included presently.

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Cooperative Effects in Solvent Swelling of a Bituminous Coal

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Solvent Swelling of Kukersite Oil Shale Macromolecular Organic Matter in Binary Mixtures: Impact of Specifically Interacting Solvents

Solvent Swelling of Kukersite Oil Shale Macromolecular Organic Matter in Binary Mixtures: Impact of Specifically Interacting Solvents

Clean liquid fuels from direct coal liquefaction: chemistry, catalysis, technological status and challenges

Separative Refining of Coals through Solvolytic Extraction under Milder Conditions: A Review

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