“…Building a modular task-oriented chatbot could be easy in the domains that have expert knowledge and a well-defined structure. For example, in an online shoe shopping chatbot [23], the shoes have limited features such as price, color, material, style and brand, which can easily be used to filter the shoes interactively. Also in the restaurant reservation, food ordering, and movie ticket booking domains, the users' goals are clear and the designer can easily design the logic to get the needed information (e.g., which restaurant / food / movie, when, and how many people) for task completion.…”