Conversion of Sugars and Biomass to Furans Using Heterogeneous Catalysts in Biphasic Solvent Systems

Romo, Joelle E.; Bollar, Nathan V.; Zimmermann, Coy J.; Wettstein, Stephanie G.

doi:10.1002/cctc.201800926

Cited by 95 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…It can also be produced from glucose, either directly or via the isomerization to fructose (Scheme 1). [209] The synthesis of furans by the dehydration of monosaccharides has been widely applied in continuous flow microreactors, together with some work in milli-reactors (with lateral channel dimensions typically on the order of several millimeters, e. g., > 3 mm) ( Table 4). Besides that, complex carbohydrate structures are formed by the condensation of sugars with furans resulting in polymers containing furan groups that are poorly soluble in water (i. e. humins).…”

Section: Synthesis Of Furans By Sugar Dehydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Transformation of Biomass Derivatives to Value‐Added Chemicals and Fuels in Continuous Flow Microreactors

2019

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Biomass as a renewable and abundantly available carbon source is a promising alternative to fossil resources for the production of chemicals and fuels. The development of biobased chemistry, along with catalyst design, has received much research attention over recent years. However, dedicated reactor concepts for the conversion of biomass and its derivatives are a relatively new research field. Continuous flow microreactors are a promising tool for process intensification, especially for reactions in multiphase systems. In this work, the potential of microreactors for the catalytic conversion of biomass derivatives to value-added chemicals and fuels is critically reviewed. Emphases are laid on the biphasic synthesis of furans from sugars, oxidation and hydrogenation of biomass derivatives. Microreactor processing has been shown capable of improving the efficiency of many biobased reactions, due to the transport intensification and a fine control over the process. Microreactors are expected to contribute in accelerating the technological development of biomass conversion and have a promising potential for industrial application in this area.

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Section: Synthesis Of Furans By Sugar Dehydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Transformation of Biomass Derivatives to Value‐Added Chemicals and Fuels in Continuous Flow Microreactors

2019

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“…[9][10][11][12] The preparation of PPCs utilizes organic and polymer synthesis techniques, which makes possible to prepare PPCs with a wide spectrum of covalent structures distinguishing thus PPCs from composition-ally less variable heterogeneous catalysts based on inorganic porous materials. [13][14][15] The diversity of synthetic paths for the preparation of PPCs has been well documented in publications dealing with the preparation of organometallic PPCs containing covalently bonded well-defined and catalytically active organometallic complexes. For example, Ru and Ir complexes with ethynylated 2,2'-bipyridine ligands were directly co-polycyclotrimerized with tetrakis(4-ethynylphenyl)methane into organometallic PPCs of the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, S BET up 1500 m 2 · g À 1 , which were active for aza-Henry reactions and oxyamination of aldehydes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfonated Hyper‐cross‐linked Porous Polyacetylene Networks as Versatile Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts

et al. 2019

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Two highly sulfonated micro/mesoporous polymers, P(1,3‐DEB)‐SO3H and P(1,4‐DEB)‐SO3H, with permanent porosity, the specific surface area about 550 m2 ⋅ g−1 and the content of SO3H groups of 2.7 mmol ⋅ g−1 were prepared as new acid Porous Polymer Catalysts, PPCs. The PPCs were achieved by easy sulfonation of parent hyper‐cross‐linked micro/mesoporous polyacetylene‐type networks resulting from a chain‐growth homopolymerization of 1,3‐ and 1,4‐diethynylbenzenes. New PPCs are reported as highly active and reusable heterogeneous catalysts of esterification of fatty acids with methanol and ethanol, Prins cyclization of aldehydes with isoprenol and intramolecular Prins cyclization of citronellal to isopulegol. The catalytic activity of the micro/mesoporous PPCs (TON values up to 522 mol ⋅ mol−1) was higher than that of commercial polymer‐based heterogeneous catalyst Amberlyst 15 possessing gel texture without permanent pores and that of p‐toluenesulfonic acid applied as a homogeneous catalyst.

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“…Consequently, higher final yields can be achieved in heterogeneous catalysis using biphasic systems. This is due to the extraction of the product from the organic solvent, which decreases its concentration in the aqueous phase, and therefore reduces the possibility of pores blocking on the catalyst surface by the final products and / or humins …”

Section: La Production By Heterogeneous Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenge of converting biomass polysaccharides into levulinic acid through heterogeneous catalytic processes

Covinich

Clauser

Felissia

et al. 2019

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The differences between a biorefinery and an oil refinery are determined by the higher oxygen content of the biorefinery's biomass, its high degree of functionalization, its low thermal stability, its polar components, which are mostly acidic, its highly heterogeneous structure, and its quality variation as result of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Levulinic acid (LA) is one of the main high value‐added chemicals that can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass as raw material. The main challenges for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to levulinic acid are related to the improvement of the technologies to obtain a pure and cost‐competitive product, the design and use of efficient heterogeneous catalysts, and the improvements in the selectivity and useful life of the catalyst. This is an up‐to‐date review of the state of knowledge about the heterogeneous catalytic conversion of biomass into LA, addressing the technical hurdles that impede the attainment of high yields. This work outlines the chemistry of LA synthesis and discusses in detail the influence of the lignocellulosic raw material, reaction time, temperature, solvent according to the chemical pathway, and efficiency of the chosen Lewis and Brønsted solid acid catalysts. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Conversion of Sugars and Biomass to Furans Using Heterogeneous Catalysts in Biphasic Solvent Systems

Cited by 95 publications

References 83 publications

Catalytic Transformation of Biomass Derivatives to Value‐Added Chemicals and Fuels in Continuous Flow Microreactors

Catalytic Transformation of Biomass Derivatives to Value‐Added Chemicals and Fuels in Continuous Flow Microreactors

Sulfonated Hyper‐cross‐linked Porous Polyacetylene Networks as Versatile Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts

The challenge of converting biomass polysaccharides into levulinic acid through heterogeneous catalytic processes

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