Conversion of sewage sludge into biochar: A potential resource in water and wastewater treatment

Gopinath, Ashitha; Divyapriya, Govindaraj; Srivastava, Vartika; Laiju, A.R.; Nidheesh, P.V.; Kumar, M Suresh

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.110656

Cited by 173 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…To further elaborate, it has been recently reported that the AC production costs range from 1.35 (China) [ 172 ] to 2.6 EUR/Kg (Italy) [ 56 ]. For BCs, these values range from 0.15 (Italy) [ 56 ] to 0.42 EUR/Kg (U.S.) [ 173 , 174 ], with average values of 1.98 EUR/Kg and 0.29 EUR/Kg, respectively. On the basis of the mean q e values discussed above in Section 3.1 , (95,000 mg/kg and 176,800 mg/kg for BCs and ACs, respectively), an effectiveness/cost index has been calculated for both BCs and ACs, dividing the average maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity (q e , expressed as mg/kg) by the average cost per Kg of adsorbent.…”

Section: Economic Evaluation On Biochar Use Over Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization Techniques as Supporting Tools for the Interpretation of Biochar Adsorption Efficiency in Water Treatment: A Critical Review

et al. 2021

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Over the past decade, biochar (BC) has received significant attention in many environmental applications, including water purification, since it is available as a low-cost by-product of the energetic valorisation of biomass. Biochar has many intrinsic characteristics, including its porous structure, which is similar to that of activated carbon (AC), which is the most widely used sorbent in water treatment. The physicochemical and performance characteristics of BCs are usually non-homogenously investigated, with several studies only evaluating limited parameters, depending on the individual perspective of the author. Within this review, we have taken an innovative approach to critically survey the methodologies that are generally used to characterize BCs and ACs to propose a comprehensive and ready-to-use database of protocols. Discussion about the parameters of chars that are usually correlated with adsorption performance in water purification is proposed, and we will also consider the physicochemical properties of pollutants (i.e., Kow). Uniquely, an adsorption efficiency index BC/AC is presented and discussed, which is accompanied by an economic perspective. According to our survey, non-homogeneous characterization approaches limit the understanding of the correlations between the pollutants to be removed and the physicochemical features of BCs. Moreover, the investigations of BC as an adsorption medium necessitate dedicated parallel studies to compare BC characteristics and performances with those of ACs.

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Section: Economic Evaluation On Biochar Use Over Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization Techniques as Supporting Tools for the Interpretation of Biochar Adsorption Efficiency in Water Treatment: A Critical Review

et al. 2021

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“…The heavy metals in biochar and other hazardous compounds, such as dissolved organic carbon which might end up in soil and drinking water after leaching or rainfalls, are still a concern in applicability of biochar in soil. The potential risk of heavy metals in sewage sludge can be reduced by pyrolysis with variation of temperature [55]. The increase in temperature from 300 to 700 • C, increase the concentration of zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu), whereas the concentration of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) is decreased when temperature increases from 600 to 700 • C. More research and experimental work is needed to completely analyze the heavy metal impact in biochar [56].…”

Section: Comparison Of Mass and Energy Balancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Pyrolysis or Combustion with Scrubbing to Maximize the Nutrient and Energy Recovery from Municipal Sewage Sludge

Saud

Havukainen

Peltola³

et al. 2021

Recycling

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Based on mass and energy balance calculations, this work investigates the possibility of recovering heat and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) from municipal sewage sludge using pyrolysis or combustion in combination with a gas scrubbing technology. Considering a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with 65,000 t/a of mechanically dewatered digestate (29% total solids), 550 t/a nitrogen and 500 t/a phosphorus were recovered from the 4900 t/a total nitrogen and 600 t/a total phosphorus that entered the WWTP. Overall, 3600 t/a (73%) of total nitrogen was lost to the air (as N2) and clean water, while 90 t/a (15%) of total phosphorus was lost to clean water released by the WWTP. Both in combustion and in pyrolysis, the nitrogen (3%) released within thermal drying fumes was recovered through condensate stripping and subsequent gas scrubbing, and together with the recovery of nitrogen from WWTP reject water, a total of 3500 t/a of ammonium sulfate fertilizer can be produced. Furthermore, 120 GWh/a of district heat and 9700 t/a of ash with 500 t/a phosphorus were obtained in the combustion scenario and 12,000 t/a of biochar with 500 t/a phosphorus was obtained in the pyrolysis scenario. The addition of a stripper and a scrubber for nitrogen recovery increases the total electricity consumption in both scenarios. According to an approximate cost estimation, combustion and pyrolysis require annual investment costs of 2–4 M EUR/a and 2–3 M EUR/a, respectively, while 3–5 M EUR/a and 3–3.5 M EUR/a will be generated as revenues from the products.

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“…Pyrolysis is considered an environmentally friendly process because it reduces the emission of greenhouse gases, while heavy metals are concentrated in the final residue. The pyrolysis process applied to the sewage sludge can be of two types (Gopinath et al, 2021). 1. slow pyrolysis -performed at 300 ° C -800 ° C, with a temperature increase rate of 1 °C/s; 2.…”

Section: Figure 1 Scheme Of the Process Of Pyrolysis From Raw Materials To Final Products (Alvarez Et Al 2015)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Fuels Obtained From the Pyrolysis Process of Sewage Sludge

Zaharioiu¹,

Bucura²,

Marin³

et al. 2021

CTNS

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Combustion of fossil fuels, greenhouse gas emissions, large amounts of sewage sludge, lead to environmental pollution and global warming. For this reason we must think of feasible solutions to disposal the sewage sludge by capitalization it and energy recovery. One of the most interesting technologies for disposal the sewage sludge is the pyrolysis process. After the pyrolysis process of sewage sludge are obtained three types of products: bio-oil, syngas and biochar. Bio-oil can be used as an alternative fuel for fossil fuels after refining. Bio-char can be used as an adsorbent after an activation process for the capture and storage CO2. Pyrolysis is considered an environmentally friendly process because it reduces the emission of greenhouse gases, while heavy metals are concentrated in the final residue. In this paper are presented the advantages of sewage sludge pyrolysis.

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Conversion of sewage sludge into biochar: A potential resource in water and wastewater treatment

Cited by 173 publications

References 150 publications

Characterization Techniques as Supporting Tools for the Interpretation of Biochar Adsorption Efficiency in Water Treatment: A Critical Review

Characterization Techniques as Supporting Tools for the Interpretation of Biochar Adsorption Efficiency in Water Treatment: A Critical Review

Integrating Pyrolysis or Combustion with Scrubbing to Maximize the Nutrient and Energy Recovery from Municipal Sewage Sludge

Sustainable Fuels Obtained From the Pyrolysis Process of Sewage Sludge

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