The
termination mechanism in the radical polymerization of acrylonitrile
(AN) was determined through the product analysis for the reaction
of structurally well-defined polyacrylonitrile (PAN) chain-end radical 1a and PAN-end mimetic small model radical 1b. The contributions of three competing mechanisms, i.e., the disproportionation
(Disp), the combination by carbon–carbon formation (CC-Comb),
and the combination by carbon–nitrogen bond formation (CN-Comb),
were unambiguously determined, with CN-Comb being identified experimentally
for the first time. The selectivity between Disp and CC-Comb showed
a good correlation with the viscosity and temperature of the reaction
system, and the Disp selectivity increased as the viscosity increased,
as previously reported for the termination of other monomers. In contrast,
CN-Comb is insensitive to the viscosity but sensitive to a polarity
of media; CN-Comb is suppressed in polar media. These results strongly
suggest the presence of two pathways in the termination reaction,
namely, the polarity- and viscosity-controlled pathways. The CN-Comb
product 5 was stable during the polymerization but decomposed
into Disp and CC-Comb products at high temperatures. Therefore, care
must be taken in PAN processing, such as the melt molding, as changes
in Disp and CC-Comb composition can affect the physical properties
of PAN-based materials.