“…On the other hand, it is well known that many biological phenomena involving thresholds, bursting rhythm models in medicine and biology, optimal control models in economics do exist impulsive effects [10]. Recently, the existence, uniqueness and oscillation of the exact solutions of impulsive differential equations with piecewise constant arguments have been widely studied [3,4,[8][9][10]. But many impulsive differential equations with piecewise constant arguments can not be solved exactly or the solving is complicated.…”