Convergence in the variation of local and regional galling species richness

Carneiro, Marco Antônio Alves; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson; Souza, Og Francisco Fonseca de

doi:10.1590/s1519-566x2005000400003

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Admittedly, the 96 proportion of herbivore taxa among invertebrates is lower in Arctic regions than at lower latitudes (Danks 1986), 97 and invertebrate herbivores generally occur at relatively low abundances in tundra (Haukioja 1981). However, 98 outbreaks of invertebrate herbivores have been well documented in the forest-tundra ecotone (Jepsen et al 2008; 99 Kaukonen et al 2013) internally feeding herbivores as they provide safer shelter against pathogens and reduce levels of desiccation 154 (Carneiro et al 2005). We propose that the same distinction between external and internal feeders will drive 155 differences in the patterns of invertebrate herbivory in tundra.…”

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confidence: 80%

Background invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex) increases with temperature and precipitation across the tundra biome

et al. 2017

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invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana 1 complex) increases with temperature and precipitation across the tundra biome ' Polar biology, vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 2265-2278. DOI: 10.1007%2Fs00300-017-2139 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1007%2Fs00300-017-2139-7 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Peer reviewed version Published In: Polar biology General rightsCopyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policyThe University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact openaccess@ed.ac.uk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Chronic, low intensity herbivory by invertebrates, termed background herbivory, has been understudied in tundra, 78 yet its impacts are likely to increase in a warmer Arctic. The magnitude of these changes is however hard to 79 predict as we know little about the drivers of current levels of invertebrate herbivory in tundra. We assessed the 80 intensity of invertebrate herbivory on a common tundra plant, the dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex), 81 and investigated its relationship to latitude and climate across the tundra biome. Leaf damage by defoliating, 82 mining and gall-forming invertebrates was measured in samples collected from 192 sites at 56 locations. Our 83 results indicate that invertebrate herbivory is nearly ubiquitous across the tundra biome but occurs at low 84 intensity. On average, invertebrates damaged 11.2% of the leaves and removed 1.4% of total leaf area. The 85 damage was mainly caused by external leaf feeders, and most damaged leaves were only slightly affected (12% 86 leaf area lost). Foliar damage was consistently positively correlated with mid-summer (July) temperature and, to a 87 lesser extent, precipitation in the year of data collection, irrespective of latitude. Our models predict that, on 88 average, foliar losses to invertebrates on dwarf birch are likely to increase by 6-7% over the current levels with a 1 89 °C increase in summer temperatures. Our results show that invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch is small in 90 magnitude but given its prevalence and dependence on climatic variables, background invertebrate herbivory 91 should be included in predictions of climate change impacts on tundra ecosystems. 92 3

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“…The galling insect control of gall morphological is suggested by the fact that many galls with very different galler-specific morphologies may grow on the same plant host at the same time (Stone & Schönrogge 2003). In the rupestrian fields for example, 13 gall morphotypes were found on Baccharis concinna Barroso 1976 (Asteraceae) and a single individual plant supported 11 species simultaneously (Carneiro et al 2005). Many other studies reported the same observation (e.g., Waring & Price 1989;Stone et al 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Are gall midge species (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) host-plant specialists?

Carneiro

Branco

Braga

et al. 2009

Rev. Bras. entomol.

140

115

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“…Climatic conditions have long been linked to distribution patterns of a diverse array of taxa, and this is apparent from the species richness trends observed with latitude and altitude (Carneiro et al 2005;Price 1988, 1991;Mittelbach et al 2007;Price 1991). However, this trend is not consistent across all taxa, especially when equivalent habitats are assessed using comparable methods across the latitudinal range of a single host plant for species richness, herbivory and abundance-biomass relationships (Andrew and Hughes 2004, 2005b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this trend is not consistent across all taxa, especially when equivalent habitats are assessed using comparable methods across the latitudinal range of a single host plant for species richness, herbivory and abundance-biomass relationships (Andrew and Hughes 2004, 2005b. Galling species represent an anomaly to the global trend, with studies documenting a peak in diversity at intermediate latitudes in environments of increasing temperature and aridity (Blanche and Ludwig 2001;Carneiro et al 2005;Fuentes-Contreras et al 1999;Goncalves-Alvim and Fernandes 2001). Increasing gall species richness in habitats that become hotter and drier has led to the hypothesis that the gall-forming habit is an adaptation to harsh or stressful environments (Baust et al 1979;Carneiro et al 2005;Crespi et al 1997;Fernandes et al 2004;Fernandes and Price 1988, 1991Lara et al 2002;Marques et al 2000;Waring 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf miner and plant galler species richness on Acacia: relative importance of plant traits and climate

et al. 2010

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Diversity patterns of herbivores have been related to climate, host plant traits, host plant distribution and evolutionary relationships individually. However, few studies have assessed the relative contributions of a range of variables to explain these diversity patterns across large geographical and host plant species gradients. Here we assess the relative influence that climate and host plant traits have on endophagous species (leaf miners and plant gallers) diversity across a suite of host species from a genus that is widely distributed and morphologically variable. Forty-six species of Acacia were sampled to encapsulate the diversity of species across four taxonomic sections and a range of habitats along a 950 km climatic gradient: from subtropical forest habitats to semi-arid habitats. Plant traits, climatic variables, leaf miner and plant galler diversity were all quantified on each plant species. In total, 97 leaf mining species and 84 plant galling species were recorded from all host plants. Factors that best explained leaf miner richness across the climatic gradient (using AIC model selection) included specific leaf area (SLA), foliage thickness and mean annual rainfall. The factor that best explained plant galler richness across the climatic gradient was C:N ratio. In terms of the influence of plant and climatic traits on species composition, leaf miner assemblages were best explained by SLA, foliage thickness, mean minimum temperature and mean annual rainfall, whilst plant gall assemblages were explained by C:N ratio, %P, foliage thickness, mean minimum temperature and mean annual rainfall. This work is the first to assess diversity and structure across a broad environmental gradient and a wide range of potential key climatic and plant trait determinants simultaneously. Such methods provide key insights into endophage diversity and provide a solid basis for assessing their responses to a changing climate.

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“…In the Neotropical region, for example, "superhosts" have been identified in a number of different habitat types, such as highland rocky grassland ("campo rupestre"), involving the species Baccharis concinna (Carneiro et al 2005) and Baccharis pseudomyriocefala (Lara et al 2002), and Copaifera langsdorffii (Oliveira et al 2008), associated with litholic habitats ("canga"), as well as halophytic formations, where examples include Eugenia umbelliflora (Maia 2001b;Monteiro et al 2004) and Guapira opposita (Oliveira & Maia 2005). In the temperate zone, Waring & Price (1989) and Gagné & Waring (1990) have also identified the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) as a "superhost" for Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) species of the Asphondylia auripila group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%